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1、 摘 要城市污水处理回用既可替代清洁水源、又减少了污水排放量，降低了城市排污负荷，有利于实现节能减排。BAF（曝气生物滤池）工艺是适合我国国情的简易、高效、低耗的污水回用新技术。本文就A/O两段式BAF与MBR组合工艺处理兰州市某污水厂二级处理出水进行实验研究，通过对低浓度、可生化性差的二级处理出水进行深度处理，可直接回用于工业。本文通过实验确定了最佳填料、进行了不同挂膜方式的对比实验、并采用A/O两段式BAF及A/O两段式BAF与MBR组合工艺对城市污水的处理进行了研究，实验结果表明：1.选择最佳填料实验采用火山岩、沸石和陶粒三种填料进行对比，用复合接种方式进行挂膜，在进水CODcr为50-
2、60 mg/L，水力负荷为0.425m3/（hm2），水温1317，DO为46mg/L，气水比为3:1，HRT为2h的条件下，挂膜稳定后陶粒效果最好，对COD和NH3-N的平均去除率高于火山岩和沸石，分别为35% 、79%。2.以陶粒为填料进行了不同挂膜方式的对比实验，采用复合进水挂膜与二级处理出水挂膜进行对比，在进水CODcr为40-55 mg/L，水力负荷为0.234m3/（hm2），水温1722，DO为36mg/L，HRT为23h的情况下，挂膜后期复合进水挂膜与二级处理出水挂膜COD和NH3-N的平均去除率分别为18%、35%，95%、95%，直接用二级处理出水挂膜好于复合进水挂膜。3.
3、A/O两段式BAF深度处理城市污水实验运行25d后， BAF对COD的去除率达2344%。系统运行稳定后，A/O两段式BAF总水力停留时间为2、4、6h 时，氨氮去除率保持在95%以上，并且在进水有机物含量低、水力停留时间长的条件下其对氨氮的去除率取决于进水氨氮的高低，而水力停留时间为6h时CODcr的去除效果最好，为34.26%。4.A/O两段式BAF与MBR组合工艺对二级处理出水进行深度处理的初步结果表明：该组合工艺对CODcr、NH3-N平均去除率分别为55.7%、95%，出水CODcr、氨氮分别为20.32、0.28mg/L达到了国家地表水类标准，同时A/O两段式BAF作为超滤的预处理
4、有效减轻了膜污染。关键词：城市污水深度处理；BAF与MBR组合工艺；厌氧生物滤池；好氧生物滤池；MBRAbstractMunicipal wastewater treatment and reuse can replace clean water, reduc the volume of sewage discharge and reduce urban sewage load,it is helpful to achieve energy conservation. BAF (Biological Aerated Filter) technology is suitable for Chin
5、a easy, efficient and low consumption of sewage reuse with new technology. A combined proeess of A/O two-stage biologieal aerated fllter(BAF) and Membrane bioreactor(MBR) is used to treat secondary effluent of a Lanzhou City wastewater treatment plant for reuse in this paper, in-advanced wastewater
6、treatment of low concentration and poor biodegradability of the secondary treatment effluent can be directly reused for industrial .Experiment to determine the best packing, different biofilm way of comparative experiment,to use the A/O two-stage biologieal aerated fllter(BAF) and the A/O two-stage
7、biologieal aerated fllter(BAF) and MBR combination processes of urban sewage processing, experimental the results showed that:1.Select the best packing experiment use volcanic rocks, zeolite and ceramic fillers were compared which used composite inoculated biofilm in the influent CODcr was 5060mg/L,
8、 the hydraulic load was 0.425m3/(h.m2),water temperature was 1317C,DO was 46mg/L,air to liquid ratio was 3:1, hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 2h, after the stability of the biofilm, ceramsite is best, its average removal of COD and NH3-N is higher than volcanic rocks and zeolite, 35% and 79% respe
9、ctively.2. Different biofilm way of contrast experiment which used ceramsite for packing, comparing the effect of the composite water biofilm and the secondary treatment effluent biofilm, in the influent CODcr was 4055mg/L, the hydraulic load was 0.234m3/(h.m2), water temperature was 1722, DO was 3-
10、6mg /L, hydraulic retention time(HRT) was 23h, composite water biofilm and secondary treatment effluent biofilm which their average removal of COD and NH3-N are18%、35%, 95%、95%, the direct use the secondary treatment effluent biofilm is better than composite water biofilm.3.After A/O two-stage BAF a
11、dvanced treatment of Municipal Wastewater experiment running 25 days, the removal rate of COD was 2344%.After system was stable,when the total hydraulic retention time of A/O two-stage BAF was 2,4,6 h,its ammonia removal rate remained at more than 95% and its ammonia nitrogen removal rate depends on
12、 the level of influent ammonia nitrogen under the influent low organic matter content and long hydraulic retention time.When hydraulic retention time is 6h,the removal rate of COD is best, the removal rate of COD is 34.26%.4.A combined proeess of A/O two-stage biologieal aerated fllter(BAF) and Memb
13、rane bioreactor(MBR) is used to treat secondary effluent, preliminary results show that: the combination of process on the average removal rate of COD, NH3-N is 55.7%, 95% respectivel, the effluent COD and Ammonia concentration are 20.32,0.28 mg/L respectively,which reached “the surface water standa
14、rd of three types of water”,while the A/O two-stage BAF as ultrafiltration(UF) pretreatment effectively reduced the membrane fouling.Key words: Municipal wastewater treatment；Combined process of BAF and MBR； Anaerobic biofilter；Aerobic biofilter；MBR；目 录1. 绪论11.1 研究背景11.1.1 水资源及水环境现状11.1.2 城市污水回用的必要性
15、11.2 城市污水回用现状及回用技术11.2.1 国内外城市污水回用现状21.2.2 城市污水回用技术31.3 曝气生物滤池（BAF）用于污水处理综述41.3.1 曝气生物滤池（BAF）的工作原理41.3.2 曝气生物滤池（BAF）的主要类型51.3.3 曝气生物滤池（BAF）的特征61.3.4 曝气生物滤池（BAF）在污水处理中的应用情况71.4 膜生物反应器（MBR）用于污水处理综述91.4.1膜生物反应器的工作原理91.4.2 膜生物反应器（MBR）的类型101.4.3 膜生物反应器（MBR）的特征101.4.4 膜生物反应器（MBR）在污水处理中的应用情况111.5 课题的提出及研究内容121.5.1 课题的提出121.5.2 研究内容122. 实验概况132.1 实验水质132.2 填料性能介绍132.3 实验装置152.3.1 选择最佳填料的实验装置152.3.2 不同挂膜方式对比实验装置152.3.3 A/O两段式BAF深度处理城市污水实验装置162.4 检测项目与分析方法173. 曝气生物滤池（BAF）填料选择及挂膜方式的研究183.1 选择最佳填料实验183.1.1 实验运行概况183.1.2 挂膜启动阶段CODcr去除效果对比183.1.3 挂膜启动阶段氨氮去除效果对比203.1.4 实验结论213.2 不同挂膜方式对比实验213
