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1、语法学案：现在分词一、现在分词的形式1. The boy standing there is our monitor.2. The building being built is our classroom.3. Having finished his homework, he went to play football.4. Having been told about it many times, he still didnt believe it.总结：一般式结构： (主动)完成时结构： (主动)在分词的功能 语：(被动)(被动)1二.作、定现a changing world a dev
2、eloping country boiling watera running boy = a boy who is runningThe students sitting in the classroom are very lovely and hard-working.The bike being repaired now is mine.注意1： -ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。Exercises:(1) The house (face) to t
3、he south was built last year(2) Unsafe drinking water has led to healthy problems for people (live) near the Yangtze River.(3) The meeting (hold) now is very important.The measures (正在采取的 ) are very effective.The waste (目前排放到长江中的 ) into the river has been increasing.(现在大量生产的垃圾) is turning into a big
4、 problem.(4) The boy (lead) the way is very friendly.(5) We think of greedy businessmen (hide) from their responsibilities(6) We think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes (pour) chemical waste into river.(7) The people (经营工厂的人 )注意 2：现在分词和动名词作定语的区别：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 一辆卧车a waiting t
5、axi = a taxi which is waiting一辆在等候的出租车a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping 一个睡着的男孩 a waiting room= a room for waiting 候车室 标注：动名词表示其修饰名词的性质或用途(供之用)，与它修饰的词无逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词做定语，表明被修饰名词的动作，与这个名词构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个 定语从句(8) With a (walk) stick in his hand, an old man was nearly knocked down by a (run) boy.2.
6、作表语：现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。 这些现在分词大多是被形容词化。常见： interesting， exciting， surprising ， puzzling， frightening， amusing， disappointing ,astonishing etc. 它们一般跟在连系动词 be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等后。1 The story seems / is /sounded very interesting.2 The ne
7、ws was disappointing.注意 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理或所处的状态，主语多为人。但对于 voice , look, expression 等词要根据具体语境区分。 有些过去分词作表语，相当于形容词。常见： tired, satisfied, pleased, interested， excited， surprised ， puzzled， frightened， amused， disappointed, broken , discouraged, drunk, crowdedEgAn exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音A puzzling look 令
8、人迷惑不解的表情An excited voice 兴奋的声音 A puzzled look 困惑的表情 1 The sound was frightening and he was frightened.2 At the sight of a snake, the girls showed a frightened look .Exercises:3 The naught boy made a (frighten) voice on purpose , making the girls (frighten).4 by the magicians tricks, they decided to
9、invite him to their village the year.A Amusing , followingB Amused , followingC Amusing , followed D Amused, followed3. 作宾语补足语或主语补足语：1 We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 宾补2 When I came in, I saw John_reading a book.3 Dont leaveher waiting outside in the rain. 4 I caught_the_boy stealing
10、your money. The boy was.(被动结构)(此刻stealing为主语补足语)5 When I came in, I found / noticed John reading a book.(变被动语态)When I came in, John wasa book.(此刻 reading 为主语补足语)比较：We heard someone sing in the next room.(变被动语态)Someone was heard in the next room.常见的可以加现在分词作宾补的动词有:感官动词： see，watch，notice, observe，look
11、at，hear，listen to，feel 以及 have, get, keep，find，catch, leave, setExercises:(1) We find the worlds population (grow) so fast.(2) She smelt something (burn) in the kitchen.(3) Many students leave the water (run) after washing their hands.(4) Anyone who was found (smoke) in the kitchen will be fired.(5)
12、 The boy was last seen (play) at the bank of the river.(6) The thief was caught (rob) in public.4. 作状语： 时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. = When I saw Tom,.Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy.When developing the economy, we have to take environmental protection into con
13、sideration. 注：现在分词作时间状语时，根据需要其前面可以用when, whenever, while, once或until 如： 1 When crossing street, you must be careful.2 Having finished his homework, he went to play football with his friends.Exercises:(1) (wait) in the queue for an hour, he suddenly found he had left his wallet home.(2) (separate) fr
14、om other continents for millions of years, Australian has special animals.(3) 当我们破坏环境的时候，我们继续生育越来越多的人口。(4) 当一想到工厂时，人们就会想到向河流中倾倒化学废物的管道。 原因状语：1 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.2 Not knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for advice.3Having lived in Beijing since childhood, he knows her v
15、ery well.4 Not having received an answer, I wrote to him again.Exercises:(1) (not tell) to come earlier, he was late for the meeting.(2) (not complete) the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.(3)与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展并存是很有可能的。 方式或伴随状语：1 Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.2 They sat there, talking to each other.Exercises:(1) He walked down the hill, (sing) softly to himself.(2) He sat there, ( not know) what to say.(3) There is a letter on the table, (indicate) somebody has come. 条件状语(可改成if引导的条件状
