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1、Book 1 Unit 1 Friendship一. 单词1. survey n. 调查, 概述 v. 测量, 检查短语: n. make a survey of sth. 调查 make a general survey of sth. 纵观 v. survey sth. 调查, 评述, 检查survey the equipment 检查设备eg. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan. 最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划.派生词:surveyor n. 测量员, 检察员2. add v.
2、 增加, 增添, 补充说短语:add up sth 把加起来add up to 合计, 总共add sth. to sth. 把加到.eg. He added some sugar to the coffee.他给咖啡里加了些糖.add to sth.= increase/ raise sth. 增加了 eg. The bad weather added to our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难.派生词:addition n.附加物additional adj.附加的in addition to 除之外3. point n. 要点, 尖端, 含义v. 指出短语: n. com
3、e to the point of 到了地步to the point of 达到的程度be on the point of doing 正要做There is no point in没必要/ 没意义做boiling point 沸点 v. point to/ at 指向point out sth. to sb. 向某人指出某事point out that 指出point sth. to/ at sb. 把对着某人注意:(1) 当非善意地用手指某人时, 只能用point at(2) 当表示指针指向, 证据表明, 建筑物的朝向时, 用point to eg. The house points to
4、 the sea.那所房子面向大海.派生词:pointed adj.尖锐的, 尖的pointless adj. 无意义的, 无益的4. upset v. 使不安, 打乱adj.心烦意乱的短语:upset sb. 使某人不安upset the plan 扰乱了计划upset the cup 打翻了杯子.It upsets sb. that让某人心烦的是.It upsets sb. to do sth.做使某人不快.be upset about 对感到心烦区别: upset/ nervous/ anxious(1) upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱.(2) nervous 在做某事的过程中紧
5、张害怕的感觉.(3) anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安5. concern n.担心, 关心, 关系 v. 涉及, 有关短语: n. show/ express concern about/ for 对表示关心/ 担心have concern with 和有关系with concern 关切地 v. concern oneself about/ for 担忧/ 关心concern oneself with 从事, 参与concern sb./ sth. 与有关eg. There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人们对电视上的暴
6、力内容日见担忧.eg. Dont be involved in what doesnt concern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事.派生词: concerned adj. 有关的, 担心的be concerned about/ over/ for 关心, 挂念be concerned with/ in 牵扯进/ 参与.all parties concerned 有关各方as/ so far as be concerned 就而言eg. As far as Im concerned, the sooner, the better.就我而言, 越快越好.6. cheat v. 欺骗, 作弊n
7、.骗子, 作弊者短语:cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓注意:(1) “骗某人的钱”是cheat sb. of sb.s money.(2) cheat sb. into the belief that 中的从句是同位语从句eg. Tom cheated the boy into the belief that he could turn into a bird. Tom
8、骗这个小男孩相信他能变成一只鸟.7. series n. 一系列, 连续短语:a series of 一连串的, 一系列的a series of accidents 一连串事故a series of articles 一系列文章a TV series 一部电视连续剧in series 连续, 一系列地注意:(1) series属于单复数同形的单词, 其他类似的单词还有, means, species(2) “ a series of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数 eg. A series of car accidents happens at the crossing every y
9、ear.每年这个十字路口都要发生一连串的交通事故.派生词:serial n. 连续剧, 连载小说8. suffer v.遭受, 忍受短语:suffer for sth. 为而受苦suffer pain/ loss/ defeat/ punishment/ hardship 遭受痛苦/ 损失/ 失败/ 惩罚/ 艰难suffer from a bad cold 患中感冒注意:(1) suffer用作及物动词时, 相当于 experience, 遭受, 经历不愉快之事, 但没有被动语态.(2) suffer 用作不及物动词时, 常与from 连用, 意为”苦于, 患病.”9. advice n. 劝
10、告, 建议名词短语: give/ offer sb. some advice on 就给某人提建议 ask sb. for advice 征求某人的意见. follow/ take ones advice 接受某人的建议 do sth. by ones advice 按某人的建议做 on/ upon ones advice 听某人的劝告动词短语: advise v. 建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做 advise sb. not to do sth. = advise sb. against doing sth. 建议某人不要做 advise doing sth.
11、建议做 advise that 建议 advise sb. on 向某人提建议注意:(1) advise 后接动名词作宾语.eg. He advised having a meeting tonight.他建议今晚开会.(2) advise 后接that从句时, 从句用虚拟语气.eg. They advised that I (should) carry a passport.他们建议我要带着护照.(3) advice是不可数名词, “一条建议”是 a piece of advice派生词:adviser/ advisor n.建议者, 顾问advisory adj.劝告的, 顾问的二. 短语
12、:1. go through 通过, 经受, 仔细检查, 完成eg. go through too many wars 经过太多的战争eg. go through with ones promise 实践诺言eg. The new law has gone through.新的法律已经通过了eg. The teacher went through all the students homework.老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.短语:break through 冲破get through 完成, 通过live through 活过look through 浏览read through 通读
13、see through 看穿have been through with.经受过(很多苦)through thick and thin 共患难through and through 彻底, 完全2. set down 记下, 放下, 认为, 归因于eg. Set down his name and address.记下他的名字和地址eg. He set down the book on the table.他把书放在桌上.eg. I set the man down as a soldier.我认为那人是个士兵.eg. I set down his bad temper to his health.我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.短语: set about (doing) sth. 着手(做)某事set out to do sth 着手做某事set off 动身, 引爆set up 竖起, 创设, 开办set down= put down = write down= get down 写下, 记下
