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1、 (外研版)初中英语笔记初二 (下)Module 1 Hobbies1. 基本句型: 主语+系动词+表语(+状语) Tom is very happy today. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语) The first book came out in 2003. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+状语) He wrote a book in senior high school. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语) His hobby has brought him enjoyment. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语) I didnt want you
2、to work too hard. there be+主语+状语 There is a very nice cup on the table. There are many story books in his schoolbag. 一般来说,置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因状语,置于谓语部分之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随成分。2. tidy up “整理;收拾”。当宾语是代词时,要放在tidy和up中间;当宾语是名词时,既可放在中间,也可放在其后。如: Your room is untidy. Can you tidy it up? The students tidied up t
3、he classroom. (类似的还有turn on, turn off, put on, write down等动词+副词形式)3. listen to sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事。 I often listen to him play the violin. (类似于see, hear等后面可以接不带to的动词不定式)4. 当play后面接表示乐器的名词时,需要在该名词前加上定冠词the; 如:play the piano, play the flute(笛子) 当play后面接表示球类的名词时,该名词前不接任何冠词。 如:play basketball, play foot
4、ball5. as well as “也;还;并且” A as well as B (强调A而不是B),如: She is clever as well as pretty. We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai.6. come out “出版;出现;(秘密等)传出;结果是”7. as a result “结果”,相当于so,前者用逗号隔开,后者反之。 He had some bad meat. As a result, he felt ill. as a result of “因为”8. collect v.收集; collecto
5、r n.收集者 have a collection of “收集” 如:I have a collect of dolls.9. take up 占用(时间、空间) The job takes up all my time. The big desk takes up too much space.10. at the end of 在末尾11. sth. +happen+时间/地点 “某时(某地)发生了某事 The story happened in Beijing in 2008. sth. happen to sb. “某人出了某事(常指不好的)” A car accident happ
6、ened to her this morning. sb. happen to do sth. 或It happens/happens that某人碰巧做某事。 I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.Module 2 Friendship1. 宾语从句(即放在动词后面作宾语的句子): 宾语从句的三要素:引导词:that,if/whether,疑问词 语序:陈述语序(较特殊的如:He asked me what was the matter.) 时态:主句的时态是现在时,从句可用任意所需时态。如: Please t
7、ell us where he is. 主句的时态是过去式,从句要用相应的过去式。如: He told me that he was tired. 从句叙说普遍真理或客观规律时,则用一般现在时。如:The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.原句式宾语从句一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时(am,is,are+v.-ing)过去进行时(was,were+v.-ing)现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)过去完成时(had+过去分词)一般将来时(will+动词原形/am,is,are going to +v.)过去将来时(woul
8、d+动词原形/was,were going to +v.)that引导的宾语从句:(多数可省略) 谓语动词表肯定概念,接that引导的从句的谓语动词不可有疑问的含义,多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的词,如:believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn等。Betty thinks (that) trees improve the air. I hope that it will be snow this
9、winter. whether/if引导的宾语从句: 原句式为一般疑问句时就用whether/if“是否”,常表达不确定概念。如: He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. whether与if一般可通用,但以下情况只用whether: 和or not连用: I dont know whether he will come or not. 动词不定式前: He didnt know whether to stay or not. 介词后: Im not interested in whether she will go shopping.
10、 宾语从句位于句首; 带有discuss(讨论)、decided(决定)、doubt(怀疑)等词。 疑问词引导的宾语从句:(who, when, where, what, why, how) 注:在疑问词引导的宾语从句中,一定要用陈述句语序。 He asks how we can help protect the environment. They havent decided where they should go for the holiday.2. a couple of“一些,几个”; They will be back in a couple of weeks. a couple
11、of作主语时,谓语动词用单数: There is a couple of boys waiting for you.3. day by day “一天比一天地;每天;日益”,指不断发生变化的。 He grew stronger day by day. day after day “一天天地”,指不断重复的。4. remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事。 I remember meeting her at a party once. remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事。 Remember to close the windows before you go
12、out.5. find+复合宾语 find+宾语+名词 The teacher finds the girl a good singer. find+宾语+形容词 I find English grammar very difficult. find+ it+宾语补足语+动词不定式 He found it very hard to answer the question. find +宾语+介词短语(或过去分词,现在分词) I found the cat under the bed.6. good luck with sth. good luck to sb. 7. by the way 顺便
13、说 in the way 挡路;妨碍 on ones way/ on the way 在路上8. worry about=be worried about “担心” Dont worry about me. I am not a child any moer.9. far away “遥远的”,在句中做表语、状语和后置定语。 (be) far away from 远离 The school far away from my home. faraway “遥远的”,可做名词的前置定语。 He lives in a faraway village.10. lonely “孤独的”,指心理感受;al
14、one独单;独自(无旁人) Im not lonely though I am alone.11. make friends with 与交朋友12. be close to 离近Module 3 on the radio1. to +v.与v.-ing作宾语: 一般来说,不定式表示将来的动作或行为,而v.-ing形式表示经常性的、一般性的动作或行为及正在进行的动作或行为。只接to+v.的只接v.-ing的接to或v.-ing的want, hope, wish, decide, expect, plan,agree, promiseenjoy, finish, mind,practice, keep onlike, love, begin, start, continue, hate.(以上意义差别不大) try, mean, remember,forget, stop(以上意义差别大)2. 答