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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题British Foreign Secretary Francis Pym has cancelled a visit to Riyadh. Reports from London said the Foreign Office played down suggestion of a diplomatic （ ） and said only that the dates of Secretary Pyms trip were not convenient in Riyadh.问题1选项A.raftB.raffleC
2、.riftD.riffle【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项raft“筏；救生艇”；B选项raffle“废物，垃圾；抽彩出售”；C选项rift“裂痕；不和”；D选项riffle“浅滩；急流，涟漪”。句意：英国外交大臣弗朗西斯皮姆已取消了去利雅得的访问。来自英国的报道称外交部淡化了一种外交裂痕的暗示，且还称只有外交大臣弗朗西斯皮姆出行的日期在利雅得是不方便的，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The governments strong action demonstrated its（ ）to crush the rebellion.问题1选项A.energyB.resistanceC.coura
3、geD.determination【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项energy“能量；精力；活力”；B选项resistance“阻力；电阻；抵抗”；C选项courage“勇气；胆量”；D选项determination“决心”。句意：政府强有力的行动表明了它粉碎叛乱的决心。根据句中“strong action强有力的行动”可知“决心”符合语境，因此D选项正确。3. 单选题These two firms are so big and powerful that they monopolize between them the production and sale of cigarettes
4、 in this country.问题1选项A.governB.influenceC.superviseD.dominate【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词monopolize意为“垄断；独占；拥有的专卖权”；A选项“govern”意为“管理；支配；统治；控制”；B选项“influence”意为“影响；改变；支配”；C选项“supervise”意为“监督；管理；指导；主管”；D选项“dominate”意为“控制；支配；占优势；在中占主要地位”。句意：这两家公司势力巨大，垄断了这个国家香烟的生产和销售。由题干可知，These two firms are so big and powerf
5、ul（两家公司势力巨大）所以可推测出这两家公司在这个国家的香烟生产和销售中占据主导地位。由此可知，monopolize在此处最可能是“垄断”的意思，四个选项中dominate具有“在中占主要地位”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。4. 不定项选择题Much of the worlds electronic waste is being shipped to China for recycling and the cottage industry that has sprung up there to recover usable materials from computers, cell
6、 phones, televisions and other goods may be creating significant health and environmental hazards. Scientists from China and the United States have identified numerous toxic elements in the emissions from an e-waste recycling workshop in southern China, which uses low-tech methods to separate reusab
7、le electronic components from the circuit boards. It is not an isolated case, the scientists point out: such methods are used all over China.Results of their study have been published in the Journal Atmospheric Environment.“The most immediate problem is the health of the workers and the people who l
8、ive in the city,” said Bernd R.T. Simoneit, a retired professor at Oregon State Universe and one of the authors of the study. “But this may also be contributing to global contamination. For example, previous studies have found carcinogens（致癌物）in wind-carried dust from Asia.”Simoneit is a widely publ
9、ished scientist who has been involved in numerous studies identifying chemical “signatures” for emissions, including coal smoke, biomass burning, petroleum-based fuels and even the burning of municipal refuse. By using mass spectrometers（质谱仪）and other sophisticated instrumentation, the researchers c
10、an pinpoint the contributions of specific emissions to the atmosphere.Their work in China was conducted in Shantou City, a town of 150,000 people located in southern Chinas Guangdong Province. They collected samples during four working days, when workers were removing the electronic components by he
11、ating the circuit boards over grills on stoves burning coal briquettes（煤块）.The workshop had 24 stoves along three walls, and an estimated five tons of circuit boards stacked along the fourth wall for processing. Workers would use the grills to melt the solder, and then remove reusable portions of th
12、e circuitry.The research team included five Chinese scientists and Simoneit, who has dual appointments in OSUs College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences and the Department of Chemistry. The researchers found that through this “roasting process”, numerous organic chemicals, heavy metals, flame reta
13、rdant and persistent organic pollutants were emitted into the air via the smoke. The chemical signature created by this process of roasting or toasting circuit boards “is unmistakable.”“The next step is to see to what extent this is harming the environment and creating a health hazard for both the w
14、orkers, and people living in the path of the emissionseither through inhalation, or exposure to the skin,” Simoneit said. “Some of these chemical compounds may be carcinogens; others may be just as harmful became they can act as environmental disruptors, and may affect body processes from reproducti
15、on to endocrine （内分泌的，激素的）function.”The Chinese authors of the study are affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and include lead author Xinliui Bi, with ZhenZhen Wang, XinmingWang, Guoying Sheng and Jiamo Fu.Simoneit also is working with scientists in India to identify chemical signatures f
16、rom the burning of wire and other materials, which is done to recycle copper and other minerals. And he is working in Saudi Arabia on a different problemhelping develop “green chemistry” methods for recycling that countrys massive urban waste to create methane.1. The passage mainly tells us that （ ）.2. The third paragrap
