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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“令人恐惧的”；B选项“有希望的，有前途的”；C选项“冰点以下的，结冰的”；D选项“揭露真情的，有启迪作用的”；题干中chilling“令人恐惧的”，句意：分析
2、表明，在孩子上大学和我们自己的退休保障之间的权衡令人不寒而栗。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题My niece Alice is（ ）in her way of living and always spends more money than is reasonable.问题1选项A.luxuriousB.distinguishedC.extravagantD.sophisticated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项luxurious“奢侈的，丰富的，放纵的”；B选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高贵的”；C选项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的，过度的”，更加倾向
3、于具体的行为举止；D选项sophisticated“复杂的，精致的，久经世故的”。句意；我的侄女爱丽丝生活（ ），总是乱花钱。而这里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Medical student learn to distinguish “acute”, which means something of recent onset, form “chronic” which means a condition that will probably continue for a（ ）period of time.问题1选项A.gloomyB.temporaryC
4、.toughD.substantial【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的”；B选项temporary“暂时的，临时的”；C选项tough“艰苦的，困难的”；D选项substantial“大量的，实质的”。句意：医科学生要学会区分“急性”（指近期发病）和“慢性”（指可能持续_一段时间的病情）。跟前一句对比，可以推断这里表达的应该是“大量的时间（很长的一段时间）”，因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题Melissa is a computer（ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousand
5、s of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“天才，天赋”；B选项“病毒”；C选项“疾病”；D选项“细菌”，句意：Melissa是一种电脑（ ），它摧毁了电脑中的文件，让全世界成千上万的用户感到沮丧。本句想表示的是“电脑病毒（computer virus）”，这也是固定搭配，因此B选项符合题意。5. 单选题The government has devoted a larger slice of its national（ ）to agriculture than mo
6、st other countries.问题1选项A.resourcesB.potentialC.budgetD.economy【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resources“资源”；B选项potential“潜力”；C选项budget“预算”；D选项economy“经济”。句意：该国政府投入农业的财政（ ）比其他大多数国家都多。此处表达的意思是“财政预算比其他国家多”，因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题My eyes had become（ ）to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five
7、yards away.问题1选项A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inclined“有倾向”；B选项accustomed“习惯的，通常的”；C选项vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已经_现在的半明半暗，所以我能辨认出75码外的形状。考查固定搭配be accustomed to“习惯于”，这里表示的是习惯于这种半明半暗的状况，因此B选项符合题意。7. 单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised th
8、e electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.问题1选项A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“同盟，同盟国”；B选项“代表，委派”；C选项“选民”；D选项“陪审团，评委会”；题干中electorate“选民，选区”，句意：英国首相布莱尔向选民承诺，如果不试图赢得联合国的进一步制裁，就不会开枪。因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题This young man,（ ）with a craving
9、 for materialistic gratification, cares about nothing but money.问题1选项A.obsessedB.negotiatedC.compromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obsessed“着迷，纠缠”；B选项negotiated“谈判，协商”；C选项compromised“妥协，连累”；D选项provided“提供，给予”。句意：这个年轻人，_追求物质上的满足，除了钱什么都不关心。考查了固定搭配obsess with“痴迷于某事”，而这里也是说的年轻人痴迷于物质，因此A选项符合题意。9. 单选题Th
10、e gangster（ ）at his helpless victim and put a cigarette just out of reach.问题1选项A.sneeredB.scornedC.grinnedD.glared【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（ ），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题The survival（ ）of
11、 some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.问题1选项A.ratioB.rateC.scaleD.standard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ratio“比例，比率”；B选项rate“进度，速度”，A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，B项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“tax rate税率”、“crime rate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高
12、，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。；C选项scale“规模”；D选项standard“标准，水准”。因此A选项符合题意。11. 单选题The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost. As the Lancet put it recently: “When we try to describe faces precisely words fail us, and we resort to identi
13、kit (拼脸型图) procedures.”Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat, though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted
14、 to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, the experts tend to differ.Thus, some argue that it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristics about th
15、e brains ability to distinguish faces”. In support of this these they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual horse. On the other hand, there are those, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one.The arguments in favor of this latter view, it m
