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1、被动语态考点聚焦_初中英语语法系列焦点一什么是被动语态？它是怎样构成的？被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。请看下表：时态主语为单数被动语态构成主语为复数被动语态构成一般现在时is/ am doneare done一般过去时was donewere done一般将来时will be done/ is （am） going to be donewill be done/ are going to be done情态动词may/ can/ must/ should be donemay/ can/
2、 must/ should be done被动语态否定式为be not done，情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词not be done.焦点二在什么情况下要使用被动语态？在下列情况下要使用被动语态：1. 行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如：Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如：My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被盗了。3. 汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of
3、 a house and dropped some money down a chimney.据说，有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上，往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。4. 汉语中含有“被、由”等词时。如：Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.魏华是被林涛叫来的。5. 汉语中没有“被、由”等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如：These songs are usually sung by boys.这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是”后面可以加上“由”）6. 某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如：He was born in October， 1989.7. 表示礼貌时。如：You
4、 are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m. tomorrow.敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。焦点三那么在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态：1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：正：The story happened in London.误：The story was happened in London.2. 表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。如：正：The shirt fits him
5、very well.误：He is fitted very well by the shirt.3. 某些“不及物动词介词”构成的短语动词，如listen to，walk into，fall off等，往往不使用被动语态。如：正：He walked into the room.误：The room was walked into by him.4. 祈使句一般没有被动语态。如：正：Look at the blackboard， please.误：The blackboard is looked at by you.5. 宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如：正：We must hel
6、p each other.误：Each other must be helped by us.6. 某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如：正：He joined the League in 1998.误：The League was joined by him in 1998.7. 动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如：正：They like to watch TV.误：To watch TV is liked by them.正：He enjoys listening to the radio.误：Listening to the radio is
7、 enjoyed by him.8. 主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如：正：She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.误：Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.9. 由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。如：正：The boy make faces in class.误：Faces are made by the boy in class.10. 反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。如：正：You must look after yourself.误：Yourself must be looked after.
