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1、过去完成时看点英语中有一种时态表示“过去的过去”,即表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作,其结构为“助动词had+动词的过去分词”,这种时态就是过去完成时。如图所示: The train had left I got there 7:30 8:00 -.- 更早的动作 过去某时间 现在 (过去完成时) 或过去某动作从图中可以看到到达的动作发生在离开的动作之后。当我们叙述过去发生的这两个动作时,离开的动作就属于“过去的过去”,因此用过去完成时表示。学好这一时态,我们必须掌握以下几点:1. 过去完成时常与by the end of短语以及by the time引导的从句连用。例如:We ha
2、d learned three hundred words by the end of last month. 到上个月底为止,我们已经学会了三百个单词。By the time we reached the cinema,the film had already begun.我们到达电影院时,电影已经开演了。2. 过去完成时常与before、when等引导的时间状语从句连用,其中从句的谓语动词为过去式。例如:They had got everything ready before I came.在我到来之前,他们已经将一切准备好了。He had just reached home when a
3、 man called to see him. 他刚到家就有人找他。3. 过去完成时还表示从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常与“for+段时间”,“since+点时间”或“since+从句”连用。例如:He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.当我们得知他生病的时候,他已经病了一个星期了。We had not seen each other since I left school.自从我毕业后,我们就一直没有见过面。4. 如果时间状语从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句可用过去完成时。例如:After I (had)
4、finished reading the novel, I went to sleep. 我读完这部小说后,上床睡觉了。5. 当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时(said,asked,told,thought),宾语从句常用过去完成时。例如:He said that he had lived in the countryside for four years. 他说他在农村住了四年。He asked what had happened to me.他问我发生了什么事。6. 在含有定语从句的复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事情,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:I returned the dictionary that I had borrowed last week. 我归还了上周借的词典。【温馨提示】当表示两个或两个以上连续发生的动作时,这些动作常用一般过去时表示。例如:He took up his clothes, locked the door and went to work by bus.他拿起衣服,锁上门,然后乘车上班了。