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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.问题1选项A.hardly activeB.relatively activeC.extremely inactiveD.pathologically active【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”，A选项hardly activ
2、e “几乎不活跃”；B选项relatively active“相对活跃”extremely inactive“极度不活跃”；D选项pathologically active“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意：其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃；他们比正常人活跃得多，追逐他人，互相争斗。根据各选项词义，选D。2. 单选题People were surprised to find that he had the ability to（ ）everything he was involved in.问题1选项A.precedeB.dominateC.pervadeD.denominate【答案】B【解
3、析】考查动词辨析。A项precede“领先，在之前”，指在次序或地位上先于或高于；B项dominate“控制，支配”，指施加决定性、引导性影响于；C项pervade“遍及，弥漫”，D项denominate“为命名；把称作”。句意：人们惊讶地发现，他有能力支配他所参与的一切。根据句意，该题选B正确。3. 单选题The course of scholastic preparation was arduous requiring the systematic passing of successive examinations. Success in the examinations resulte
4、d in the（ ）of academic degrees, which were treasured as the surest source of wealth and power in China.问题1选项A.bestowalB.givingC.conferringD.offering【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系
5、统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.问题1选项A.determinedlyB.incrediblyC.amazinglyD.forbiddingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。prohibitively在句中是“禁止地”，prohibitively expensive的意思是极其昂贵
6、。A选项determinedly“坚定地，坚决地”；B选项incredibly“端地；令人难以置信地”；C选项amazingly“惊人地，令人惊讶地”；D选项forbiddingly“禁止地”。句意：在修路之前，把毛皮和水果运过山是非常昂贵的。根据选项词义，只有D项符合。5. 翻译题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to wate
7、r is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over 1 billion persons lack access to a
8、 basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to adopt effec
9、tive measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。6. 单选题He felt a repugnance for the
10、city because it was heavily under the influence of foreigners, whom he considered to be corrupt and（ ）.问题1选项A.unscrupulousB.with principlesC.in principleD.out of principle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项unscrupulous“寡廉鲜耻，不讲道德的”；B选项with principles“符合原则的”；C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”；D选项out of principle“背离原则”。根据题干，
11、可知此处应当填入一个形容词，且含有贬义，因此推测A选项正确。句意：他对这座城市感到厌恶因为这城市受外国人影响太严重了，而他眼中的外国人是堕落而又。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题On the local level, tradition,（ ）through customs, rituals, education, and the countless forms of activity that constitute social behavior, bolstered stability and discouraged tendencies toward change.问题1选项A.spelle
12、d outB.manifestedC.givenD.explained【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spell out“讲清楚”；B选项manifest“呈现，显示”；C选项given“被给予”；D选项explain“解释”。根据空格后文的内容，传统通过这些形式进行呈现，可推测B选项符合题干内容。句意：在地方层面上，传统通过习俗、仪式、教育和无数形式的构成社会行为的活动，巩固了稳定，阻碍了变革的趋势。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题Instead of the somewhat obnoxious nationalistic chest beating that went with a
13、 great deal the Singapore and Malaysia version of the “debate” over Asian values, what is now called for is an explanation of how the same set of cultural values could have produced both the dynamos and the dominoes.问题1选项A.soberB.rhetoricC.banalD.very unpleasant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sober“冷静的”；B选项rh
14、etoric“花言巧语的”；C选项banal“陈腐的”；D选项very unpleasant“极不愉快的”；very unpleasant正是表达了题目中“不愉快的”的意思。句意：与新加坡和马来西亚版本的亚洲价值观之“论战”所带来的令人不快的民族主义者的痛打相比，现在需要的是解释同一套文化价值观如何既产生了发电机又产生了多米诺骨牌。因此D选项正确。9. 不定项选择题(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese of
15、ficial said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec.30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “Its difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them, “Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday.”Once they unde
