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1、精品文档定语从句一(关系代词的用法 )一. 定语从句概念1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句， 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系 _ : 有_, _ , _, _, _,等；关系 _ : 有_, _, _等。关系词常有 3 个作用： 引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中 充当一个成分。注意：根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开 ，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行
2、删除后意思仍完整词的补充说明译法翻译成先行词的定语， “ 的 ”通常翻译成主句的并列句限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming mo
3、re and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）二.引导定语从句的关系代词1. who 指_，在从句中充当 _(1) The boys who are play
4、ing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party. 2. whom 指_，在定语从句中充当 _，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.精品文档精品文档(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代
5、词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指_，在定语从句中做 _或者 _，做 _时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人时，相当于 _或者 _；指物时，相当于 _。在定语从句中做 _或者 _，做 _时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/
6、who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做 _(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon
7、be repaired.= The classroom, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.【详细讲解】 . 关系代词 that 和 which 的用法(一) 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 :1当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除外 ), few, all, none, little, some 等不定代词时，或者是由 eve
8、ry, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they vi
9、sited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被 the very, the only, just修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5. 当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时精品文档精品文档(1) Who
10、is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (二) 当先行词指事 /物时 , 定语从句中关系代词必须用 which 的情况 :1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只用 which(1) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, wh
11、ich made the others envy him.(2) He always stays at home at weekend, which his brother thinks is unbelievable.2. 当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用 which(1) This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。(2) This is the pen which (/that) Im looking for. (三) 关系代词 who, whom 和 who
12、se 的用法1. 先行词指人，在从句中作主语时，用 who；(1) She is the girl who/that lives next door.2. 当先行词为 those 时，用 who；(2) Those who will join in my birthday party are my best friends.3. 在 There be句型中主语作为先行词指人时，用who；(3) There is a great man who saved his country with his partners.4. 先行词指人，在从句中作宾语时，可以用whom 和 who；(4) That
13、sthe girl whom/who/that I teach.5. 在定语从句中做定语时，用 whose。(5) This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(6) This is the house whose window broke last night. . 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句关系代词 as 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as 在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。(一) 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：1. such + 名词 + as像 一样的，像之类的the same + 名词 +
14、as和 同样的其中关系代词 as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。(1) We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.精品文档精品文档(3) He is not the same man as he was ten years ago.注意：suchas 引导的定语从句与suchthat 引导的状语从句的区别：(1) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(2) He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. 2. such assuch 为代词，意为“这样的人或物” ； as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。(1) This book is not such as I exp
