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1、完形填空专题复习（一）一、教学内容：完形填空专题复习（一）（一）题型概说1. 考查目的完形填空是对考生英语语言综合运用能力的考查，既考查考生对语篇的理解能力，包括篇章阅读理解、获取和分析信息的能力，又在语篇层面上考查学生在一定的语境中准确、恰当、得体运用词汇的能力。2. 题型特点（1）体裁和题材：高考完形填空大多选择夹叙夹议的议论文或有一定故事情节和相对完整的故事片断的记叙文。题材大都富有教育意义，能给考生以启迪，类似人生感悟的心灵鸡汤的小短文，语言地道，文笔优美。（2）考点设置：完形填空设题完全不同于单项填空，以篇章语义为主，所设4个选项从语法角度考虑都正确。错误项只能通过语义、语境、常识、
2、逻辑和搭配来排除。因而，高考完形填空设点以实词为主，其中最多是动词（包括非谓语动词、短语动词、情态动词）和名词，其次是形容词和副词，再次是连词和介词。下表是2004-2007广东卷考点分面情况（04-06为20个空，07为10个空）试卷考点词性分布动词名词形容词副词连词介词其他短语2004年67311022005年88202002006年44331232007年2527000因此在备考中要特别注意这几种词性中常见词的词义比较，同时注意在语篇中得体地运用词汇。（二）完形填空应试技巧指南首先，仔细审题，明确大意。首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所
3、叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who，when，where，what。完形填空命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话。例如：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识，文中内容应与热胀冷缩的物理现象有关。第二，注意一些搭配和用法。现在的搭配有四个选项，这四个选项现在安排都非常的精巧，跟上下文都非常的搭配，所以要仔细考虑，考虑它的语境和语意。现在的词语辨意也是跟以前不一样，四个都可以
4、插进去。但意思差别非常的微妙，所以需要了解词语辨意。第三，“瞻前顾后，顾后瞻前”。要根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项，切忌脚踩西瓜皮滑到哪就是哪。第四，考生要根据生活常识和相关知识确定选项。第五，全文复读，融会贯通。在试填好答案之后，我们有必要从头至尾再把对话读一遍，按照对话情境，中心内容，推理判断。凡有把握的，不再改动，如有不顺或举棋不定之处，要重新定夺，确保万无一失。进行核查同时注意以下三点：1. 上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。2. 从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。3. 段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一
5、两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，决不可不选。（三）具体操作中应注意的问题1. 看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is veryvery.A. deepB. highC. coldD. dangerous根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow相反，因此答案为A。2) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she d
6、idnt scold us either.A. noB. certainC. manyD. moreand是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。2. 理顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A. forB. byC. toD. of表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是h
7、elp oneself to故答案为C。3. 扎实基础，搞清辨异Soon I heard alike that of a door burst inand then a climb of feet.A. soundB. cryC. voiceD. shout选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。4. 看清执行者，确定所选词And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.A. keepB. makeC. recordD. watch句中动作的发
8、出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。5. 寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It has been many years since I was last in LondonI still remember something that happened during that visit.A. andB. forC. butD. as根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.6. 了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushe
9、d to thehospital.A. animalB. biggestC. plantD. nearest在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D（四）实例分析高考题Jim Shelley是一个有瘾的人。他打电话有瘾，且不能自拔。真是大千世界，无奇不有。“My names Jim Shelley and Im an addict（有瘾的人）”With these words I began to _1_ the problem, the problem of my telephone addiction. I used to call people _2_, fr
10、om the moment I woke up to the time I went to sleep. I _3_ to be phoned, I wanted to phone. Just one more call. It started socially a few calls each day. It seemed _4_, just a quick chat. Gradually though, the _5_ got worse. Soon it was _6_ use, until, finally, addiction. And it began to affect (影响)
11、 my _7_. During the day I would disappear for _8_ call. If I couldnt make a call, I spent the whole time waiting for the phone to ring. Getting more and more _9_, in the end, I would ring someone, then someone else, _10_ myself just one more call. I was phoning people and _11_ messages to make sure
12、_12_ calls would see me through the day. I used to arrive at friends homes and before the door was closed, go straight for the phone with the _13_ “Is it OK if I just use the phone?” At work, I became _14_ when my fellow workers tried to _15_ me from using the phone. And one day I hit my boss (with
13、the phone). Finally, the police caught me _16_ a phone box that had taken my last one pound coin, and I was _17_ to see a psychiatrist (心理医生).I havent _18_ a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ I used a phone box. I try not to watch TV because there are _20_ people on i
14、t making phone calls. My name is Jim Shelley and I am an addict.1.A. faceB. findC. acceptD. notice2.A. now and thenB. all the timeC. at homeD. at work3.A. triedB. askedC. waitedD. invited4.A. politeB. importantC. fineD. special5.A. conditionB. situationC. resultD. effect6.A. frequentB. regularC. unusualD. particular7.A. friendsB. studyC. familyD. work8.A. a quickB. a secretC. an expectedD. an extra9.A. hopefulB. delightedC. frightenedD. anxious10. A.forcingB.tellingC.givingD.limiting 11.A. leavingB. takingC. passingD. recording12.A. longB. immediateC. enoughD. surprising13.
