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1、Biofuel production by in vitro synthetic enzymatic pathway biotransformation体外生物转化合成酶途径生产生物燃料Cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) is the implementation of complicated biochemical reactions by in vitro assembling a number of enzymes or their complexes and coenzymes. 无细胞生物转化合成途径（SyPaB
2、）是复杂的生化反应过程。它在体外装配一系列的酶、酶的复合物和辅酶。Assembly of numerous enzymes without cellular membrane, gene regulation, or undesired pathway can circumvent some of the obstacles to modifying living microorganisms. 无细胞膜，基因调控，或未知的过程的酶的装配过程会规避一些障碍修正活的微生物。Several synthetic pathways for the production of liquid biofue
3、ls alcohols and hydrocarbon precursors (polyols) as well as gaseous biofuel hydrogen have been presented. 有人已经报道了几种用于生产生物燃料的合成，如液体生物燃料： 醇类和烃类前体（多元醇）以及气态燃料 ： 氢气。The present constraints to SyPaB include the lack of stable enzymes as Lego-like building blocks, the different optimal reaction conditions
4、for individual enzyme, and the use of costly labile coenzymes. 目前无细胞生物转化合成途径的制约条件包括缺少像Lego的组成形式的稳定的酶，不同的酶具有不同的最佳反应条件，以及昂贵的不稳定辅酶的使用。It is expected that high-yield SyPaB will be an important platform for producing low-cost biofuels and biochemicals.不难想象，高收率无细胞生物转化合成途径（SyPaB）将是生产低成本的生物燃料和物品的重要途径。Introd
5、uctionSustainable development of humankind needs the production of renewable energy at affordable costs. 人类的可持续发展需要用可以承受的代价生产可再生能源。Current transportation accounts for approximately 20% of global energy consumption. 目前，全球约20的能源消耗在交通运输上。Owing to some special requirements for the transportation sector,
6、 such as high power density and high-energy storage capacity in a small volume, potential solutions for the transportation sector are limited. 由于对交通部门的一些特殊要求，如高功率密度和高能量小体积的存储容量，很少存在解决运输部门可能的方案。Biomass, the most abundant renewable bioresource, is the only low-cost renewable resource that can be used
7、for the production of large amounts of transportation fuels and renewable materials (e.g., paper and polylactic acid). 生物是最丰富的可再生生物资源，也是唯一低成本的可用于运输燃料和大量生产再生材料（例如，纸和聚乳酸）的可再生资源， Natural terrestrial plants collect nonpoint intermittent low-energy-flux solar energy and store it in the form of low-cost c
8、hemical energy biomass that can be stored, distributed, and utilized easily and economically. 自然界中的陆地植物收集非点间歇性低能量通量的太阳能，并将简单的经济性的其以低成本的化学能生物量的形式储存储存、分布、利用。Starting from biomass sugars, numerous biocatalytic or catalytic approaches have been proposed and investigated for the production of various bio
9、fuels, such as ethanol 1, high-chain alcohols 2, alkanes 3, fatty acids or their esters 4,5, hydrogen 6_,7_, methane 8, and hydrocarbons 9. 人们已经研究了用生物质糖、生物催化或催化方法合成各种生物燃料，如乙醇，高链醇，烷烃，其脂肪酸或酯，氢，甲烷和碳氢化合物。Liquid biofuels work well with current infrastructure and internal combustion engines, representing
10、a short-term or middle-term solution to the transportation sector. 液体生物燃料在现在的基础设施和内燃机中可以很好的应用，已经可以很好的解决中短距离的运输。In future, hydrogen fuel cell-motor system represents a long-term solution for the transportation sector because hydrogen fuel cells have higher energy efficiencies and produce less polluti
11、on than internal combustion engines. 在未来，氢燃料电池发动机系统是一个为运输部门的长期解决方案，因为氢燃料电池具有更高的能源效率和具有比内燃机有更少的污染。Hydrogen can also be produced from diverse primary energy sources . 氢还可以从不同的初级能源生产。Cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB) is the in vitro assembly of a number of (purified) enzymes and coe
12、nzymes for mediating complicated biochemical reactions 11_,12_. 无细胞生物转化合成途径（SyPaB）在体外装配了复杂的生物化学反应中（纯化）的酶和辅酶。Cell-free SyPaB, as one direction of synthetic biology, has a number of potential advantages over fermentations mediated by intact microbes. 无细胞生物转化合成途径（SyPaB）作为合成生物学的一个分支，比以完整的微生物的发酵形式具有潜在的优势
13、。These advantages include high product yield, fast reaction rate, high product titer, broad range of reaction conditions, and simplified process control.这些优势包括产品的高产量，反应速度快，产品的高精度，较宽的反应条件选择性，并可以使控制过程简化。The development cycle of SyPaB involves five parts: first, pathway reconstruction, second, enzyme s
14、election, third, enzyme engineering, fourth, enzyme production, and fifth, process engineering. 对SyPaB开发周期包括五个部分：一，通路重建，第二，酶的选择，第三，酶工程，第四，酶的生产，以及第五，过程工程。Furthermore, it is vital to construct in vitro enzyme complexes for minimizing degradation of labile metabolites and facilitating metabolite channe
15、ling for some cascade enzymatic reactions 13. 此外，酶复合体在体外构建至关重要的是尽量减少不稳定的代谢产物和促进代谢降解某些级联酶促反应。Living entities, such as microbial cells, can be engineered to produce desired products by in vivo synthetic biology technology. 人们可以利用活的微生物，如微生物活细胞，在体内合成所需的产品。Achievement of high product yield through this mea
