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1、第一部分阅读理解考点8议论说理类一、(2018年全国卷I )CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years , but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going . When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers , small，tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patter ns of speech in depe nd
2、ent of each other. Some Ianguage experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people , they spoke perhaps 12, 000 Ianguages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers , and their Ianguages too became more settled an
3、d fewer in number. In recent centuries , trade , industrialisation . the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educati on. especially globalisati on and better com muni cati ons in the past few decades , all have caused many Ianguages to disappear, and dominant Iangu
4、ages such as English . Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over .At present, the world has about 6 800 Ianguages . The distribution of these Ianguages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ianguages . often spoken by many people , while hot ,wet zones have
5、 lots, often spoken by small numbers . Europe has only around 200 Ianguages; the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2,400 ; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800 . The median number (中 位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the w
6、orld languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ianguages are close to extinction( 消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left . Pick , at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150) . Lipan Apache in the United State
7、s(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one , with a question-mark) : none of these seems to have much chanee of survival.28. What can we infer about Ianguages in hunter-gatherer times?A . They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters .D. They were closely connec
8、ted29 . Which of the follow ing best expla ins do minant un derl ined in paragraph 2?A Complex B AdvancedC Powerful DModem30 How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6, 800B About 3,400C About 2,400D About 1,20031 What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will
9、 be created BPeople s lifestyles are reflected in languagesCHuman development results in fewer languagesD Geography determines language evolution 二、（2018年全国卷n ）CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday While the decline over
10、 the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children livess, and indicates how parents might help encourage more readingAccording to the report kesy findings, “ theproportion （比例） who say they hardlyever read for fun has gone from
11、 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today ”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the sameBut the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer t
12、o an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session When it comes to tech no logy and readi ng, the report does little to coun sel（建议）pare nts looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to co
13、ncerns about increased screen time The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the
14、 home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to readAs the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom（ 逼近） ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family tri
15、p tothe library or bookstore .28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A . Children s reading habits B. Quality of children .s booksC.Childre n s atterss activities.D.Pare nt-child relati on ships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports children are readingalot less for fu
16、n?A .In paragraph 2 .B.In paragraph 3 .C .In paragraph 4 .D.In paragraph 5 .30 . Why do many pare nts limit electr onic readi ng?A . E-books are of poor quality .B . It could be a waste of time .C . It may harm children s health D . E-readers are expensive .31 . How should pare nts en courage their childre n to read more?A . Act as role models f
