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1、试题为word版 下载可打印编辑第四讲词性转换(构词法)英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。动词、形容词转换为名词 全析考法单句语法填空/单句改错1(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and r
2、eservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollutiondecrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。2(20186月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _(weigh) problems. 解析：weight根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。3(20
3、17全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _ (educate)解析：education前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。4(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attract)解析：attraction此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，
4、应该用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。5(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the _ (develop) of chopsticks.解析：development根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需填develop的名词形式development。6(2016全国卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his s
5、uccess is honest._解析：honesthonesty根据句意和结构可知，此处应该使用名词形式。谨记规则1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection改正celebratecelebration 庆祝；庆祝会attractattraction 吸引concludeconclusion 结论；结束discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释graduategraduatio
6、n 毕业expectexpectation 期望er/ordrivedriver 司机；驾驶员gathergatherer 收集者；采集者teachteacher 老师announceannouncer 广播员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据treattreatment 对待；治疗equipequipment 装备；设备governgovernment 政府ance/enceappearappearance 出现；外貌guideguidance 指引
7、；指导performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱referreference 参考；查阅=inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始ure/turefailfailure失败；倒闭presspressure 压力departdeparture 离开；出发mixmixture 混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势2形容
8、词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency 效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom 自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness 虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thstrongstrength 力气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情y/
9、ty/ityhonesthonesty诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任名词、动词转换为形容词全析考法单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always _ (energy)解析：energetic根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用与其前的cheap, easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。2(2018全国卷)According to the World
10、Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ (globe) fertilizer consumption.解析：global此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption，意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”，故用其形容词形式global作定语。3(20186月浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.解析：affordable
11、根据语境可知此处作表语，所以要用形容词形式。4(2014全国卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint)解析：disappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的内心活动，应使用ed形式的形容词，此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。谨记规则后缀例词ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的
12、reasonreasonable 有道理的almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centrecentral 中央的；中心的naturenatural 自然的；天生的fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的c
13、onvinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的ytastetasty 美味的；可口的healthhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern 东方的；向东的ishchildchildish 孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的
