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1、 .wd.英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解主要考察考生能够在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文的主题思想，对文中信息进展分析、推理、判断，并把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序和逻辑关系，理解作者的意图、态度以及文章寓意的能力。综观历年阅读理解题的设问，我们可以看出：试题设问手法灵活、提问深入，而且语篇意识进一步加强了；不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求学生理解文章的内在含义。阅读理解的考察题型主要有六大类：细节理解题，推理判断题，主旨大意题，词义猜测题，判断作者意图、态度、观点题和判断文章的 基本构造题。其中，主旨大意题型旨在考察考生通过快速阅读获取语篇的中心思想的能力，
2、以及区分主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生运用逻辑概括能力，从文章的字里行间获取文章中的代表性观点和中心论点。主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全只见树木不见森林，概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。高考阅读理解主旨大意题型的命题形式主要有：1. The main topic/subject of the passge is _.2. What is mainly discussed in the text/X paragraph3. What is the main idea of the passage4. The purpose
3、of this passage is _.5. The passage mainly focused on _.6. What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text上述命题形式大致可以概括为三类：选择段落或文章的主题思想、写作目的和标题。下面结合高考实例来分析主旨大意题的解题技巧。一、 文章或者某段落的主旨大意主题句定位法众所周知，文章是由段落组成，每个段落都是围绕某个中心思想展开的一群句子的组合，而段落的中心思想又是为文章主旨服务的。寻找文章中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章构造，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文
4、章的主题句，这是找准文章主题大意的关键。主题句是文章的核心，它往往是一个有很强概括性和代表性的句子。找到了文章的主题句，文章的中心思想也就显而易见了。但是由于文章表现手法各不一样，主题句出现的位置也不尽一样。在多数情况下，尤其在说明文和议论文中，主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。解题时，我们通常采用浏览的方式，仔细选读文章的首尾段和首尾句包括每一段的首尾句，重点搜索主题线索和脉络。下面阐述五种主题呈现的方式：1开门见山式主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或开展主题思想。这种写作手法叫做演绎法，在英语文章中尤为常见，这种文章的主题句最容易找到，故主题思想
5、显而易见。 2005年全国高考重庆卷E篇：In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship
6、between people.What does this passage mainly talk about_A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.2藏头露尾式主题句出现在文尾。即文章先阐述了细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论
7、，概括主题，叫做归纳写作法，主题句往往位于末段。这一类文章的主题句也很明显，不难找到。On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. Whats more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books
8、and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.Whats the main idea of the pas
9、sage _A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.3首尾照应式在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进展阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾照应的写作方式也很常见。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或开展。Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a
10、 popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal isThere are many la
11、crosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.The passage is mainly about_. A. How to Pla
12、y Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. LacrosseA Popular Game in Canada4抛砖引玉式即文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题那么是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environmentsmostly for entertainment purposesis fair and respectfu
13、lZoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections of interesting “things rather than protective habitats (栖息地). Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the an
14、imals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.What does the author try to argue
15、 in the passage_A.Zoos are not worth the public support.B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.5藏龙卧虎式即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) han
