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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Depressed, overworked and _ by those people whom he owed money to, he decided to put an end to his problems.问题1选项A.bewitchedB.bewilderedC.besmirchedD.beset【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bewitched“（使）鬼迷心窍；（使）着迷，陶醉”；B选项bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项besmirched“弄脏；诽谤，玷污”；D选项beset“
2、困扰；镶嵌；围绕”。句意：他情绪低落，工作过度，被那些欠他钱的人所困扰，他决定做个了结。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Samuel Slater was born in Belper, England, in 1768. On completion of his seven year apprenticeship in an English spinning mill, he was apparently so worried about the growth, and hence saturation, of the industry in the United Kingdom that, i
3、n 1789, without the knowledge of his family, Slater traveled to America at the age of 21. This was done in secret; it was illegal at the time to export anything to the U.S. relating to machinery, including engineers. Also, the U.S. was offering rewards for textile information.Arriving in New York, i
4、t was not long before he learned of the experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Pawtucket, with more advanced machines than the Spinning Jennys used in New York. Initially without any contract, and working alongside the engineers already employed at the Almy and Brown mill, Slater succ
5、essfully reworked a spinning frame along the lines of Arkwrights Water Frame. This three months of work resulted in a partnership with Almy and Brown. He understood the whole spinning process and knew which machines were vital to overall success of a mill.However, that management training and knowle
6、dge really came into its own over the next two years as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen in the techniques that had proved so successful in Belper. Without these, Slater believed the industry would not flourish. In particular, his aim was to maximize the outpu
7、t from the machinery and develop the market place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. Prior to this, the philosophy of Almy and Brown was to produce only to order. By 1792, Slater had proved, through the use of his Belper-learned management techniques, that he could make spinning a
8、 profitable business. This led to building the Old Slater Millthe first successful U.S. cotton spinning mill. Slaters view was to concentrate on a specific aspect and specialize. The other partners believed in covering the whole textile process through to finished goods, including knitting. As a res
9、ult, in 1797, Slater broke away and built his own larger millthe White Mill. Following the success of Slaters business, the cotton industry really took off and over the next ten or so years, over eighty mills developed. Slater has been called both the “Father of American Industry”, and the “Founder
10、of the American Industrial Revolution”.1. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, Slater was attracted to the Almy and Brown mill because _.3. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT one of Slaters aims in his approach to running a mill?4. What had
11、 Slater proved by 1792?5. Slater left Almy and Brown to establish _.问题1选项A.Slaters arrival in AmericaB.New York and the Almy and Brown millC.The first three months and achievement of a partnershipD.Slaters understanding of the spinning process问题2选项A.they were in PawtucketB.they were innovative and h
12、ad advanced machinesC.he did not have to have a contractD.they employed professional engineers问题3选项A.maximizing outputB.sales developmentC.Belper management techniquesD.covering the full process through to knitted goods问题4选项A.That his imported management techniques worked.B.That the philosophy of Al
13、my and Brown was wrong.C.That he could build his own successful mill.D.That he could sell all the yarn he could produce.问题5选项A.the Old Slater MillB.the White MillC.over eighty millsD.ten or so mills【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第二段倒数第二句“This three months of work resulted in a partnershi
14、p with Almy and Brown.（经过三个月的努力，斯莱特与阿尔米和布朗建立了伙伴关系。）”可知第二段主要讲的是斯莱特与另外两个工厂的合作以及取得的成就，所以C选项“合伙的头三个月和成就”符合题意。A选项“斯莱特到达美国”；B选项“纽约、阿尔米和布朗磨坊”；D选项“斯莱特对纺纱过程的理解”均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段“Arriving in New York, it was not long before he learned of the experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Paw
15、tucket, with more advanced machines than the Spinning Jennys used in New York.（到达纽约后不久，他就知道了摩西布朗和威廉阿尔米在波塔基特的实验工作，他们用的机器比纽约使用的詹妮丝纺车还要先进。）”，由此可知是布朗和阿米尔他们的先进机器吸引了斯莱特，所以B选项“他们是创新的且有先进的机器”符合题意。A选项“他们在波塔基特”；C选项“他不需要签合同”；D选项“他们雇佣专业工程师”。因此B选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“In particular, his aim was to maximize the output from the machinery and develop the market place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. （特别是，他的目标是最大限度地提高机器的产量和发展市场，以销售所有能生产的纱线。）”，由此可知A选项“输出最大化”和B选项“发展销售”正确，可排除；第三段开头提到“.as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen i
