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1、情绪障碍儿童的亲子关系与父母养育方式的相关性张轶杰 胡怡 雷杰鹏 杨丽 马润娟（云南省精神病医院 云南昆明 650224 通信作者Email: ）【摘要】目的 研究情绪障碍儿童的亲子关系与其父母养育方式的关系。方法 本研究采用对照研究，将68例符合国际疾病分类第10版诊断标准的儿童情绪障碍患者作为病例组，选取与情绪障碍患儿年龄、性别和年级相同的正常儿童作为对照组。使用亲子关系诊断量表(Parent-child relationship Test, PCRT)和父母养育方式评价量表(Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran, EMBU)作为评定工具，分别对病例组
2、和对照组儿童进行评定。结果 病例组PCRT的拒绝、支配和服从量表分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组EMBU中，父亲的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉和情感温暖理解因子分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；母亲的惩罚严厉和过度保护干涉因子分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组父母的否认、拒绝和惩罚严厉因子分与PCRT的拒绝量表分与呈正相关，情感温暖、理解和偏爱被试因子与PCRT的拒绝量表分呈负相关；父母的惩罚、严厉、过分干涉、过度保护因子和情感温暖、理解与PCRT的支配量表分呈正相关；父母的过分干涉、过度保护、偏爱被试和情感温暖、理解因子与PCRT的保护量表分呈正相关，
3、惩罚、严厉因子与保护量表分呈负相关；父母的偏爱被试和情感温暖、理解因子与PCRT的服从量表分呈正相关，拒绝、否认和惩罚、严厉因子与服从量表分呈负相关。结论 情绪障碍儿童的亲子关系和其父母的养育方式存在一定问题。情绪障碍儿童的亲子关系与父母养育方式有一定的相关性。【关键词】情绪障碍 儿童 亲子关系 父母养育方式 Correlation between parent-child relationship and parental rearing patterns in children with emotional disorders, ZHANG Yi-Jie, HU Yi, LEI Jie-P
4、eng, YANG Li, MA Run-Juan Mental Hospital of Yunnan 650224 ChinaCorresponding author, HU Yi, Email: 【Abstract】 Objective To observe the correlation between parent-child relationship and parental rearing patterns in children with emotional disorders. Method This study adopted controlled design. 68 ch
5、ildren with emotional disorders who accorded with the diagnostic criteria of the 10th Edition of International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) were taken as case group. 68 children were taken as control group respectively from the normal children who were matched in sex, age and grade with childr
6、en in research group randomly. The two groups were tested by Parent-child relationship Test (PCRT) and Egma minnen av bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU). Result In PCRT, the scores of rejection, control and obeying in case group were higher (P0.05). In EMBU, the scores of emotional warmth and understand,
7、strict punishment, rejection and repudiation of father in case group were higher (P0.05); the scores of over interference, over protective and strict punishment of mother in case group were higher (P0.05). In correlated analysis, the scores of rejection in PCRT were positively correlated with strict
8、 punishment, rejection and repudiation and negatively correlated with emotional warmth and understand and favoritism of parents; the scores of control were positively correlated with emotional warmth and understand, strict punishment, over interference and over protective of parents; the scores of p
9、rotection were positively correlated with emotional warmth and understand, favoritism, over interference and over protective and negatively correlated with strict punishment of parents; the scores of obeying were positively correlated with emotional warmth and understand and favoritism and negativel
10、y correlated with strict punishment, rejection and repudiation of parents. Conclusion Parent-child relationship of children with emotional disorders was not good and their parental rearing patterns were improper. Parent-child relationship of children with emotional disorders was correlated with pare
11、ntal rearing patterns. 【Key words】emotional disorders; Child; parent-child relationship; parental rearing patterns 儿童情绪障碍是儿童期常见的心理障碍，它在儿童的人格发展、社会适应和身心健康等方面有着不良影响1,2。国外研究显示，父母教养方式不当和亲子关系不良是儿童情绪障碍的危险因素3,4。目前，国内外尚无情绪障碍儿童亲子关系与父母养育方式的相关性研究5。本研究针对情绪障碍儿童的亲子关系与父母养育方式进行研究，探讨二者的相关性。1 对象与方法1.1研究对象1.1.1 病例组 云南省
12、精神病医院住院和门诊就诊的情绪障碍儿童。入组标准：(1)符合国际疾病分类第10版(International Classification of Disease, ICD-10)6儿童情绪障碍的诊断标准；(2)排除器质性精神障碍和严重躯体疾病患者；排除精神发育迟滞、品行障碍及广泛性发育障碍患者；排除儿童精神分裂症患者；(3)患儿及其父母均对本研究完全知情同意，并签署知情同意书。共入组68例，其中男30例，女38例。平均年龄12.524.39岁。均为独生子女。1.1.2 对照组 来自于昆明市某中小学学生。选取与病例组患儿年龄、性别和年级均相同的正常儿童68名作为对照组。排除躯体、神经和精神疾病；
13、入组儿童及其父母均对本研究完全知情同意，并签署知情同意书。 本研究获得医院伦理委员会的批准。1.2 研究方法1.2.1 评定工具1.2.1.1亲子关系诊断量表(parent-child relationship test, PCRT)亲子关系诊断量表包括两个部分，一是对父母管教态度的评定，二是对孩子的问题特点的评定。该量表按态度的特征分为5类，即拒绝、支配、保护、服从、矛盾不一致，这5种态度又各分为2个类型，共由10个内容量表组成，每个分量表包含10个条目。该量表使用13的3点评分法，分量表分数高说明该种不良亲子关系表现突出7。1.2.1.2父母养育方式评价量表(Egma Minnen av
14、Bardndosna Uppforstran, EMBU) EMBU是Perris等人编制。1993年，我国岳冬梅等人修订了该量表。该量表父亲养育方式由情感温暖与理解，惩罚、严厉，过分干涉，偏爱被试，拒绝、否认，过度保护6个因子组成；母亲养育方式由情感温暖与理解，过分干涉、过度保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉，偏爱被试5个因子组成。使用14的4级评分，因子分高说明这一养育方式的使用频率高8。1.2.2 调查方法问卷填写由专业人员严格按规定程序进行，专业人员朗读后由儿童按自身实际情况填写。填写过程严格进行量表填写的质量控制，如有问题均由专业人员进行回答。所有问卷均由专业人员严格按照评分标准进行评卷记
15、分，并剔除无效问卷。1.3统计方法 使用SPSS描述统计中的Explore功能检查所有录入的数据，采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行统计分析。所有统计检验均采用双侧检验，以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.1 两组PCRT评分比较 病例组PCRT的拒绝、支配和服从量表分高于对照组(P0.05)（表1）。表1 两组PCRT评分比较(s)病例组(n=68)对照组 (n=68)t值P值拒绝17.281.7915.871.485.0060.000*支配17.141.6514.331.5210.3290.000*保护16.011.5515.631.371.5150.132服从15.571.5812.761.4110.9420.000*矛盾16.391.3215.981.571.6480.102注：* P0.052.2两组EMBU评分比较 病例组父亲的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉和情感温暖理解因子分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；母亲的惩罚严厉和过度保护干涉因子分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05) （表2）。表2 两组EMBU评分比较(s)病例组(n=68)对照组 (n=68)t值P值父亲情感温暖与理解48.658.7352.078.422.3250.022惩罚、严
