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1、Unit 3 （1996年）The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.（71）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some，h
2、owever，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.（72）This trend be
3、gan during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted，however，that from time to time，questions will arise which will require
4、 specific scientific answers .It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.（73）This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence
5、in the future.This kind of support，like all government support，requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of
6、 the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science，but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally，the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.（74）However，the world is
7、 so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.（75）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.Unit 3翻译题解71） Some of
8、these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences o
9、f particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.第二、句子的结构：1）主干结构是对比句Some. are. reasonable results of. Others are reasonable consequences of.2）particular advances后面有多重定语in science being to some extent self-accelerating.第三、词的处理：are. results of 是的结果，来自于；social needs 社会需求；to som
10、e extent 在一定程度上；self-accelerating 自我加速 完整的译文：71）在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。72） This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot
11、 generally be foreseen in detail.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.第二、句子的结构：1）主干结构是主句+ wh
12、en引导的时间状语，when = at that time当时，那时。2）第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。3）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句4）cannot generally be foreseen in detail是宾语从句的谓语。第三、词的处理：trend 趋势；came to the conclusion 得出结论；the specific demands 具体要求；make of 向提出；scientific establishme
13、nt 科研机构；in detail 详尽完整的译文：72）这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by sup
14、porting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.第二、句子的结构：1）主干结构是系词+过去分词+被动宾语：This seems mostly effectively done by.2）research后面是双重定语not related to. but of.由此断定related to意思等于of第三、词的处理：This （主语代词要译出来）这一问题；done 解决；not related to 与无关；immedi
15、ate goals 当前目标；possible consequence 可能的影响完整的译文：73）给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。74） However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects.第二、句子的结构：1）主干结构是the world is so. that.2）some后面有多重定语of the worlds more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、词的处理：elegant systems （精美的）完美的体系；in principle 一般而言；deal with 解决，处理a
