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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achievi
2、ng anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.A growing group of AI researchers t
3、hink they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a
4、closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and protein
5、s. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.Imitating the brains neural （神经的）network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael
6、 Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors”, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.”
7、Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skill
8、s.Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.1.The autho
9、r says that the powerful computers of today（ ）.2.The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from（ ）.3.Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to（ ）.4.Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement?5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to th
10、e phrase “the only game in town” (Line 3, Para.4)?问题1选项A.are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object.B.are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorC.are not very different in their performance from those of the 50sD.still cannot communicate with people in a human language问题2选项A.the shif
11、t of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsB.the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical step-by-step programsC.the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childD.the efforts made by scientists in the study of the
12、 similarities between transistors and brain cells.问题3选项A.find a roundabout way to design powerful computersB.build a computer using a clever network of switchesC.find out how intelligence developed in natureD.separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought问题4选项A.It has created a sensation a
13、mong artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.B.Its breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.C.Its more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.D.It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.问题5选项A.The only appr
14、oach to building an artificially intelligent computer.B.The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.C.The only area worth studying in computer science.D.The only game they would like to play in town.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段最后两句话提到“尽管电脑很有用，但是它们还不能像
15、早期期待那样拥有像人类一样的行为。更不用说像谈话这样复杂的行为：最厉害的计算机也很难分辨出图形，而这还只是一个十个月大的人类婴儿就能做到的事情”（But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggl
16、e to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid），由此可知电脑并不会谈话，选项D“不能用语言与人类进行交流”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段最后两句话提到“康纳德认为许多大脑的能力源自于每个脑细胞的单个分子的模式识别能力。制作人工智能设备最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技术”（Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem from the pattern-recognit
