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1、第七讲非谓语动词考纲解读定方向非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题必须要掌握的知识。语篇型语法填空对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作定语、宾语、此外非谓语动词作主语、表语、状语、补语也是高考语篇型语法填空的重点。如何确定填非谓语动词思考趋向若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。典例感悟典例1(2018浙江卷6月)I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I w
2、as shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.解析：visiting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，remember作谓语，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处考查remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。典例2(2018天津卷)It took him a long time _ (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.解析：to acquire句意：获得他成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能花了很长时
3、间。考查非谓语动词作主语。在It takes/took sb.to do sth.句型中，It 作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。典例3(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap，_ (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.解析：used句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正确，就可以有效除菌。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故填过去分词used。典例4(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _ (take)解析：tak
4、en句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因此用过去分词作宾补，即have sth.done结构，意为“让某事被做”。典例5(2017北京卷)Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend)with his students.解析：spent句意：吉姆已经退休，但是他仍然记得和学生度过的那些快乐时光。题干中，被修饰词the happy time 与spend为被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故用动词的过去分词形
5、式spent。非谓语动词解题技法了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式分析句子所缺少的成分，以便选择恰当的形式。非谓语动词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语，理解非谓语动词的句法功能是判断非谓语形式的关键。(一)作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词实例体验1(2018江苏卷) Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period，_(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.解析：exceeding句意：这段时期约13 500个新工作被创造出来。超过了市场分析者预测的1
6、2 000个。考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语，与Around 13,500 new jobs是主动关系，且没有动作发生前后的关系，要用现在分词。2(天津卷)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.解析：making句意：凉风通过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得空气调节系统没有必要了。根据句意可知，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示必然的结果。不定式虽然也可作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料的结果，故不可填to make。3(湖南卷)When the cle
7、rk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 解析：wondering句意：当那个职员看到一张善良而又因愧疚的微笑而出现皱纹的脸时，她纹丝不动地站着，不知道是去还是留。主语she与wonder间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为wondering。4(湖南卷)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle
8、 of the grassland，_ (stare) at the night sky.解析：staring句意：没有比仰面躺在草地中央凝视着夜空更惬意的事情了。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。lying on my back in the middle of the grassland的逻辑主语与stare之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故答案为staring。重点强化非谓语动词作伴随状语、结果状语、要想到用现在分词。The students rushed out of the classroom，laughing and talking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。(表伴随)More highways
9、have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多的高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)名师指津源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)等。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注读书，没注意
10、到我进入房间。(二)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式实例体验1(2018北京卷)During the MidAutumn Festival，family members often gather together _ (share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.解析：to share句意：过中秋节的时候，家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。本题考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知家人们团聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼，因此用不定式to share作目的状语。2(2017北京卷)Many airlines now al
11、low passengers to print their boarding passes online _ (save) their valuable time.解析：to save句意：现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机证来节省他们宝贵的时间。考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处表示目的，故用不定式形式。3(北京卷)_ (make)it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.解析：To make句意：要想更容易地联系到我们，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。根据句意可知这里应用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为T
12、o make。4(北京卷)_ (catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.解析：To catch句意：为了赶上早班航班，我们提前预订了出租车，并且起得很早。根据句意可知设空处为目的状语，故用不定式形式。重点强化1非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式(2017浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.早在十六年前，Pahlsson就摘掉她的钻戒做饭。2非谓语动词作结果状语，
13、表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)3非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等想到用分词I am only too glad to see everything settled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。Being tired，he went to bed early.因为很累，他很早就睡了。(三)作介词的宾语时用
14、动名词实例体验1(陕西卷)Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ (go) for a swim?解析：going句意：今天天气好热。你想去游泳吗？考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.想要做某事。非谓语动词表示的动作并未在谓语动词的动作之前发生，所以不能填having gone。2(2019沈阳质量监测一)You could easily pay with your smartphone by _ (scan) the sellers QR code.解析：scanning考查非谓语动词。介词by后面的宾语应用动名词形式。3(2019淮
15、南二中模拟)I know he is good at _ (work)out the difficult questions.解析：workingbe good at“擅长”，at为介词，故用v.ing作宾语。重点强化介词和带介词to的固定搭配一定跟v.ing作宾语。We can get along well by communicating with each other.通过相互交流我们彼此之间能够相处得很好。Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as early.我希望尽快收到你的来信。(四)缺少主语常用v.ing形式1(2018北京卷)_ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.解析
