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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow- growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now somethi
2、ng similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do
3、not attempt to estimate the actual biomass（the amount of living biological matter）of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators（animals that kill and eat other animal
4、s）in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find thei
5、r prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines wou
6、ld have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks af
7、ter they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that
8、of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped
9、 from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50%of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to be business.1. The writer mentions the extinction of large prehistoric animals to suggest that（ ）.2. It can be inferred from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm
10、s paper that（ ）.3. Dr. Worms comment of “these figures are conservative”（Line 1, Paragraph 3）means（ ）.4. Dr. Myers and other researchers maintain that（ ）.5. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries（ ）.问题1选项A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB.small species s
11、urvived as large animals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat todayD.Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones问题2选项A.the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the oldB.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%C.the catch s
12、izes in new fisheries are only20% of the original amountD.there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago问题3选项A.the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recordedB.the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossC.the data collected so far are out of dateD.fishing technology has impr
13、oved rapidly问题4选项A.people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation.B.people should look for a baseline that cant work for a longer timeC.fisheries should keep their yield below 50% of the biomassD.the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level问题5选项A.technological appl
14、icationB.management efficiencyC.catch-size limitsD.biomass level【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干信息可定位到原文第一段。文章通过讲述史前人类到达新地方时，大型动物会突然灭绝，进而引出讨论的话题，即海洋生物也会在人类来临之后面临灭绝的危险。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。2.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“the biomass of large predators（animals that kill and eat other animals）in a new fishery is
15、 reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.”可知，一个新的渔场在被开发后的15年中大型捕食类鱼种的生物量平均减少了 80% 。在有些长期捕捞的地区，自那以后，这个数量又减少了一半（剩余20%的一半），因此一共下降了 90% ；故B选项表述正确，其余选项均不能由他们的论文得出。故本题正确答案为B选项。3.推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到原文第三段。沃姆博士承认论文中的数据是保守的，
16、因为现在捕鱼的技术已经提高，已经用上了卫星和声纳定位，这些设备50年前是无法使用的。这就意味着现在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕捞了。以前一些抓不住的海洋生物现在都可以抓住了，以前被鲨鱼抢走的，现在由于鲨鱼都不见了，自然被捕捞的就更多了。由此可知，之前的那些数据已经过时了。故本题正确答案为C选项。4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段可知，两位博士认为，他们的工作给出了正确的基准线，因为人们之所以没有察觉到海洋中发生的巨大变化是因为他们只回顾了过去相对较短的一段时间，所以在未来的管理工作中要明确“移动基准线”的意义。因此，本题正确答案为A选项“人们要根据变化情况调整基准线”。5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，当目标鱼种的生物量约为其原始水平的50%时
