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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 不定项选择题Severe drought in the 1970s and 80s, coupled with a population explosion and destructive farming and livestock practices, was denuding vast swaths of land. The desert seemed determined to swallow everything. So Mr. Danjimo and other farmers in Guidan Ba
2、koye，the Sahel, a semiarid belt that spans Africa just below the Sahara took a small but radical step. No longer would they clear the saplings from their fields before planting, as they had for generations. Instead they would protect and nurture them, carefully plowing around them when sowing millet
3、, sorghum, peanuts and beans.Today, the success in growing new trees suggests that the harm to much of the Sahel may not have been permanent, but a temporary loss of fertility. The evidence, scientists say, demonstrates how relatively small changes in human behavior can transform the regional ecolog
4、y, restoring its biodiversity and productivity.In Nigers case, farmers began protecting trees just as rainfall levels began to rise again after the droughts in the 1970s and 80s.Another change was the way trees were regarded by law. From colonial times, all trees in Niger had been regarded as the pr
5、operty of the state, which gave farmers little incentive to protect them. Trees were chopped for firewood or construction without regard to the environmental costs. Government foresters were supposed to make sure the trees were properly managed, but there were not enough of them to police a country
6、nearly twice the size of Texas.But over time, farmers began to regard the trees in their fields as their property, and in recent years the government has recognized the benefits of that outlook by allowing individuals to own trees. Farmers make money from the trees by selling branches, pods, fruit a
7、nd bark. Because those sales are more lucrative over time than simply chopping down the tree for firewood, the farmers preserve them.The greening began in the mid-1980s, Dr. Reij said, “and every time we went back to Niger, the scale increased.”“The density is so spectacular.” he said.Mahamane Larwa
8、nou, a forestry expert at the University of Niamey in Nigers capital, said the regrowth of trees had transformed rural life in Niger.“The benefits are so many it is really astonishing,” Dr. Larwanou said. “The farmers can sell the branches for money. They can feed the pods as fodder to their animals
9、. They can sell or eat the leaves. They can sell and eat the fruits. Trees are so valuable to farmers, so they protect them.”They also have extraordinary ecological benefits. Their roots fix the soil in place, preventing it from being carried off with the fierce Sahelian winds and preserving arable
10、land. The roots also help hold water in the ground, rather than letting it run off across rocky, barren fields into gullies where it floods villages and destroys crops.One tree in particular, the Faidherbia albida, known locally as the gao tree, is particularly essential. It is a nitrogen-fixing tre
11、e, which helps fertilize the soil.Its leaves fall off during the rainy season, which means it does not compete with crops for water, sun or nutrients during the growing period. The leaves themselves become organic fertilizer when they fall.47. The word “arable” in the third paragraph from the bottom
12、 can be substituted by（ ）.48. The denuding of vast swaths of land was not caused by（ ）.49. A small change in human behavior can（ ）.50. Today the law has changed to（ ）.51. The benefits of trees to farmers does not include（ ）.52.（ ）is not an ecological benefit of the trees in rural Niger.问题1选项A.land i
13、ncapable of growing cropsB.land capable of growing cropsC.land which is beneficial to vegetationD.land which does harm to vegetation问题2选项A.severe drought in the 1970s and 80sB.population explosionC.destructive farms livestock practicesD.civil war among the people问题3选项A.transform the regional ecology
14、B.restore biodiversityC.restore productivityD.all the above问题4选项A.regard trees as property of the StateB.make sure trees are properly managedC.impose stiff penalties on people who cut trees for firewoodD.allow individuals to own trees问题5选项A.selling branches for moneyB.feeding pods as fodder to their
15、 animalsC.selling and eating leaves and fruitsD.trees depleting soil of needed water问题6选项A.That Roots fix the soil in place and some are nitrogen fixingB.Preventing soil from being carried off by fierce windsC.Preserving arable landD.Taking nutrients from crops during the growing period【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D第6题:D【解析】47.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第三段倒数第二句Their roots fix the soil in place, preventing it from being carried off with the fierce Sahelian winds and preserving arable land.（树的根可以防止水土流失，阻止土壤被.萨赫勒地区的狂风刮走以及保护耕地。） “arable”在这句的意思是“可耕种的”，可以推断出选项B“能种庄稼的土地”正确。A选项“不能种植庄稼的土
