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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 问答题The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory（库存）system.
2、 By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States.The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900. While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most import
3、ant was the rise of the “combination” company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840s many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be
4、 sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination compa
5、nies as already established. Joseph Jefferson also declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850s, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increas
6、ingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 18761877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 2
7、82.81. What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century?82. According to the passage, the major reason for the decline of the resident stock companies was83. Why did many important actors join some minor players in 1840s?84. According to the passage, the development
8、 of full touring companies was aided by85. Why is Lawrence Barrentt mentioned in the passage?【答案】81.They declined/dwindled gradually and almost disappeared by 1900.82.The major reason was the rise of the “combination” company.83.For they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate s
9、upport in secondary roles.84.Railway system85.He served as an example of the development of full company and he took an early combination company on tour.【解析】81.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.（到1878年减少到20个，到1880年减少到8个
10、，到1887年减少到4个，到1900年几乎消失）可知答案。82.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：居民股票公司衰落的主要原因。定位到文章第一段第四句 While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company.（虽然造成这种变化的原因很多，但最重要的可能是美国经济的崛起“联合”公司）可知答案。83.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后By the 1840s many major actors were for they
11、 could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roles.（到了18世纪40年代，许多主要的行动者已经开始与一小部分较小的行动者合作，因为他们不能确定当地公司是否能够在次要的领域提供足够的支持）可知答案。84.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：为什么许多重要的演员在1840年加入了一些次要的角色?定位到文章倒数第三句It mushroomed in the 1870s, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it in
12、creasingly feasible to transport full productions.（它如雨后春笋般出现在19世纪70年代，因为铁路系统的迅速扩张使得运输全部产品变得越来越可行。）可知答案。85.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句可知，本段主旨是关于合并公司的起源。定位到文章最后两句In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company（1872年，劳伦斯巴雷特接管了他的公司）；By the season of 1876-1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road,
13、 and by 1886 there were 282.（到1876年至1877年的这个季节，有近100家联合公司，到1886年有282家），由此可知是在举关于combination company on tour的例子，而且根据文意可知Lawrence Barrett接手了早期的合并公司。2. 单选题The methods through which they built up and maintained personal followings and the outlooks which accompanied such activity likewise became importan
14、t（ ）for modern Chinese political behavior.问题1选项A.precedentsB.pioneerC.sourceD.resource【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项precedents“引用单元”；B选项pioneer“先锋”；C选项source“来源”；D选项resource“资源”。分析题干可知，空白处应填入一个名词，根据题干内容，活动会成为中国政治行为的，可推测答案选项为C。句意：他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要。因此C选项正确。3. 不定项选择题The history of African
15、Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated（61）an ongoing struggle against（62）and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle（63）as an upward movement is（64）toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of（65）is not at fault; its much too simple
16、 to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics（66）been the enemy of an（67）group of people. A certain machine is put（68）work in a certain way the purpose（69）which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to（70）a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,（71）the imperative of innovation and
