《论旅行(培根)(中英双语散文)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《论旅行(培根)(中英双语散文)（2页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、论旅行（培根）中英双语散文TRAVEL,intheyoungersort,isapartofeducation,intheelder,apartofexperience.Hethattravellethintoacountry,beforehehathsomeentranceintothelanguage,goethtoschool,andnottotravel.Thatyoungmentravelundersometutor,orgraveservant,Iallowwell;sothathebesuchaonethathaththelanguage,andhathbeeninthecoun
2、trybefore;wherebyhemaybeabletotellthemwhatthingsareworthytobeseen,inthecountrywheretheygo;whatacquaintancestheyaretoseek;whatexercises,ordiscipline,theplaceyieldeth.Forelse,youngmenshallgohooded,andlookabroadlittle.Itisastrangething,thatinseavoyages,wherethereisnothingtobeseen,butskyandsea,menshould
3、makediaries;butinland-travel,whereinsomuchistobeobserved,forthemostparttheyomitit;asifchancewerefittertoberegistered,thanobservation.Letdiaries,therefore,bebroughtinuse.Thethingstobeseenandobservedare:thecourtsofprinces,especiallywhentheygiveaudiencetoambassadors;thecourtsofjustice,whiletheysitandhe
4、arcauses;andsoofconsistoriesecclesiastic;thechurchesandmonasteries,withthemonumentswhicharethereinextant;thewallsandfortificationsofcities,andtowns,andsotheheavensandharbors;antiquitiesandruins;libraries;colleges,disputations,andlectures,whereanyare;shippingandnavies;housesandgardensofstateandpleasu
5、re,neargreatcities;armories;arsenals;magazines;exchanges;burses;warehouses;exercisesofhorsemanship,fencing,trainingofsoldiers,andthelike;comedies,suchwhereuntothebettersortofpersonsdoresort;treasuriesofjewelsandrobes;cabinetsandrarities;and,toconclude,whatsoeverismemorable,intheplaceswheretheygo.Aft
6、erallwhich,thetutors,orservants,oughttomakediligentinquiry.Asfortriumphs,masks,feasts,weddings,funerals,capitalexecutions,andsuchshows,menneednottobeputinmindofthem;yetaretheynottobeneglected.Ifyouwillhaveayoungmantoputhistravelintoalittleroom,andinshorttimetogathermuch,thisyoumustdo.First,aswassaid
7、,hemusthavesomeentranceintothelanguagebeforehegoeth.Thenhemusthavesuchaservant,ortutor,asknoweththecountry,aswaslikewisesaid.Lethimcarrywithhimalso,somecardorbook,describingthecountrywherehetravelleth;whichwillbeagoodkeytohisinquiry.Lethimkeepalsoadiary.Lethimnotstaylong,inonecityortown;moreorlessas
8、theplacedeserveth,butnotlong;nay,whenhestayethinonecityortown,lethimchangehislodgingfromoneendandpartofthetown,toanother;whichisagreatadamantofacquaintance.Lethimsequesterhimself,fromthecompanyofhiscountrymen,anddietinsuchplaces,wherethereisgoodcompanyofthenationwherehetravelleth.Lethim,uponhisremov
9、esfromoneplacetoanother,procurerecommendationtosomepersonofquality,residingintheplacewhitherheremoveth;thathemayusehisfavor,inthosethingshedesirethtoseeorknow.Thushemayabridgehistravel,withmuchprofit.Asfortheacquaintance,whichistobesoughtintravel;thatwhichismostofallprofitable,isacquaintancewiththes
10、ecretariesandemployedmenofambassadors:forsointravellinginonecountry,heshallsucktheexperienceofmany.Lethimalsosee,andvisit,eminentpersonsinallkinds,whichareofgreatnameabroad;thathemaybeabletotell,howthelifeagreethwiththefame.Forquarrels,theyarewithcareanddiscretiontobeavoided.Theyarecommonlyformistre
11、sses,healths,place,andwords.Andletamanbeware,howhekeepethcompanywithcholericandquarrelsomepersons;fortheywillengagehimintotheirownquarrels.Whenatravellerreturnethhome,lethimnotleavethecountries,wherehehathtravelled,altogetherbehindhim;butmaintainacorrespondencebyletters,withthoseofhisacquaintance,wh
12、ichareofmostworth.Andlethistravelappearratherinhisdiscourse,thanhisapparelorgesture;andinhisdiscourse,lethimberatheradvisedinhisanswers,thanforwardtotellstories;andletitappearthathedothnotchangehiscountrymanners,forthoseofforeignparts;butonlyprickinsomeflowers,ofthathehathlearnedabroad,intothecustom
13、sofhisowncountry.远游于年少者乃教育之一部分，于年长者则为经验之一部分。未习一国之语言而去该国，那与其说是去旅游，不如说是去求学。余赞成年少者游异邦须有一私家教师或老成持重的仆人随行，但随行者须通该邦语言并去过该邦，这样他便可告知主人在所去国度有何事当看，有何人当交，有何等运动可习，或有何等学问可得，不然年少者将犹如雾中看花，虽远游他邦但所见甚少。远游者有一怪习，当其航行于大诲，除水天之外别无他景可看之时，他们往往会大写日记，但当其漫游于大陆，有诸多景象可观之时，他们却往往疏于着墨，仿佛偶然之所见比刻意之观察更适于记载似的。所以写日记得养成习惯。远游者在所游国度应观其是家宫廷，
14、尤其当遇到君王们接见各国使节的时候；应观其讼庭法院，尤其当遇到法官开庭审案之时；还应观各派教会举行的宗教会议；观各教堂寺院及其中的历史古迹；现各城镇之墙垣及堡垒要塞；观码头和海港、遗迹和废墟；现书楼和学校以及偶遇的答辩和演讲；现该国的航运船舶和海军舰队；观都市近郊壮美的建筑和花园；观军械库、大仓房、交易所和基金会；观马术、击剑、兵训及诸如此类的操演；观当地上流人士趋之若骛的戏剧；观珠宝服饰和各类珍奇标本。一言以蔽之，应观看所到之处一切值得记忆的风光名胜和礼仪习俗，反正打探上述去处应是随行的那名私家教师或贴身随从的事。至于庆祝大典、化装舞会、琼筵盛宴、婚礼葬礼以及行刑等热闹场面，游者倒不必过分注
15、意，但也不应视而不见。若要让一名年少者在短期内游一小国且要受益甚多，那就必须让他做到以下几点；首先他必须如前文所述在动身前已略知该国语言；其次他必须有一名上文所说的那种熟悉该国的私家教师或随从；其三他得带若干介绍该国的书籍地图以资随时查阅释疑；他还必须坚持天天写日记；他不可在一城一镇久居，时间长短可视地方而定，但不宜太久；当居于某城某镇时，他须在该城不同地域变换位处，以便吸引更多人相识；他得使自己不与本国同胞交往，而且应在可结交当地朋友的地方用餐；当从一地迁往另一地时，他须设法获得写给另一地某位上流人物的推荐信，以便在他想见识或了解某些事时可得到那人的帮助。只要做到上述各点，他就能在短期游历中
16、受益良多。至于在旅行中当与何等人相交相识，余以为最值得结识者莫过于各国使节的秘书雇员之类，这样在一国旅行者亦可获得游多国之体验。游人在所游之地亦应去拜望各类名扬天下的卓越人物，如此便有可能看出那些大活人在多大程度上与其名声相符。旅行中务必谨言慎行以免引起争吵，须知引发争吵的事由多是为情人、饮酒、座次或出言不逊。游人与易怒好争者结伴时尤须当心，因为后者可能把游人也扯进他们自己的争吵。远游者归国返乡后，不可将曾游历过的国家抛到九霄云外，而应该与那些新结识且值得结识的友人保持通信。他还须注意，与其让自己的远游经历反映在衣着或举止上，不如让其反映在言谈之中；但在谈及自己的旅行时，最好是谨慎答问，别急于津津乐道。他还须注意，勿显得因游过异国他邦就改变了自己本国的某些习惯，而应该让人觉得自己是把在国外学到的某些最好的东西融进了本国的习俗。
