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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题John（ ）on his mistake long after the test was over.问题1选项A.consideredB.dweltC.contemplateD.figured【答案】B【解析】dwell on为固定搭配，指“细想，凝思”。句意：测试结束后很久，约翰还在想着他的错误。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题At the height of the financial crisis, all they could do was _ and hope that conditions would imp
2、rove.问题1选项A.hold onB.get alongC.get onD.look on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项hold on“坚持；稍等”；B选项get along“与和睦相处”；C选项get on“继续做；开始做”；D选项look on“把当作”。句意：在金融危机最严重的时候，他们能做的只有_，并希望情况会有所改善。they和横线处构成主谓关系，在金融危机时，只有A选项hold on“坚持”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research developm
3、ent are often（ ）before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.examinedC.slashedD.presented【答案】C【解析】shift转移, 变换；examine检查；slash削减；present提出, 呈现。句意：在经济困难时期, 企业的研究开发预算往往比其他任何时候都要先削减。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题We must ensure a rational proportion between（ ）and consumption.问题1选项A.conformationB.accelerationC.coordinationD.accumul
4、ation【答案】D【解析】conformation构造, 一致；acceleration加速, 促进；coordination协调, 对等；accumulation积聚, 累积。根据句意可知, 这里应填入consumption的反义词, 只有选项D符合语境。5. 单选题Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, _ is the experienced writer in the handling of his words.问题1选项A.soB.asC.thusD.equally【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句
5、意：正如建筑工人熟练地使用他的砖，经验丰富的作家同样如此地运用他的文字。just as.so“就像，同样”，just as引出表示对比的从句，主句用so相对应，A选项so符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题After hydrogen, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. But how do astronomers know that? It might seem that the philosopher Auguste Comte was on solid ground when he
6、stated in 1844 that, because of the remoteness of the stars, we could never know their chemical composition. Yet only a few years later chemists discovered that under the proper circumstances every element emits a certain combination of colors of light that can identify it, just as your fingerprints
7、 can identify you. By analyzing the light coming from stars, astronomers have been able to identify the different chemical elements in the stars and in cosmic space, as well as their relative quantities. It is an interesting historical note that helium was actually found on the sun, in 1868, before
8、it was found on earth, in the 1890s. (The name helium comes from the Greek world hellos, meaning “sun”)The central principle of chemistry is that all matter is composed of atoms. These atoms emit the colors of light that characterize each element. Each atom consists of a nucleus, or positively charg
9、ed core, and around this nucleus are electrons, which are negatively charged particles. The characteristic light emitted by an atom gives us information about the arrangement of electrons about the atomic nucleus. This arrangement determines the chemical properties of the atom.The atomic number of a
10、n element is the number of protons in the nucleus of one of its atoms. The atomic number is a fundamental property, because it also equals the number of electrons around the nucleus in the normal (electrically neutral) atom, and these electrons determine the atoms chemical properties. The periodic t
11、able of the elements (that is, their arrangement into the rows and columns based on their chemical and physical properties) is a result of the way the electrons are arranged in the atoms, and this arrangement or structure depends on the number of electrons and thus on the atomic structure.1.In this
12、passage, fundamental means（ ）.2.The authors purpose in this passage is to（ ）.3.Auguste Comte said that we could never know the composition of the stars because they are（ ）.4.According to the passage, a central principle of chemistry is that（ ）.5.The tone of this passage can best be described as（ ）.6
13、.The organizational pattern of the first paragraph of this passage is（ ）.7.The author explains the characteristic pattern of color emitted by each element by comparing this pattern to（ ） .问题1选项A.firstB.heavyC.basicD.early问题2选项A.persuadeB.informC.entertainD.tell a story问题3选项A.moving away from usB.ver
14、y far awayC.very hotD.made of helium问题4选项A.different atoms emit different color of lightB.the sun contains heliumC.the atomic number is a fundamental propertyD.all matter is composed of atoms问题5选项A.objectiveB.poeticC.hostileD.opinionated问题6选项A.chronological orderB.spatial orderC.definitionD.example
15、illustration问题7选项A.the scales of a fishB.the feathers of a birdC.a footprintD.a fingerprint.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:D【解析】1.词汇题。根据原文可知“fundamental property”指基本性质，fundamental意为“基础的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以选项C正确。2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是从客观公正的角度描述事实，讲述化学物质氦的构成及其性质，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“because of the remoteness of the stars, we could never know th
