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1、被动语态表格（可以直接使用，可编辑 优质资料，欢迎下载）被动语态1.2. What and When :“被“由3. How :八大时态和情态动词的被动语态4. How :1.译“被”“由”，2时态人称和数5. 结构：Be动词的相应时态+过去分词done常用被动语态构成例句1一般现在时am/is/are doneEn glish is spoke n by many coun try.2一般过去时was/were doneEn glish was spoke n by many coun try.3现在进行时am/is/are being doneEn glish is being spoke
2、 n by many coun try.4过去进行时was/were being doneEn glish was being spoke n by many coun try.5现在完成时have/has bee n doneEn glish has bee n spoke n by many coun try.6过去完成时had bee n doneEn glish had bee n spoke n by many coun try.7一般将来时shall/will be done be going to be doneEn glish will be spoke n by many c
3、oun try.8过去将来时should/would be done was/were going to be doneEn glish would be spoke n by many coun try.9情态动词Can/may/must+be +doneEn glish can be spoke n by many coun try.主动语态变被动语态Many people speak En glish.1. 将主句中的宾语变被动语态主语，如果是代词将代词宾格变主格，2. 将主句中主语变被动语态中宾语用 by 引导，如果主语时代词由主格变宾格。 3. 谓语动词变被动 语态形式。注意事项：1
4、. 接双宾语的短语被动语态变法 : ask sbsth, give sbsth. 区分哪个是间接宾语，哪 个是直接宾语。He gives me a book.I am given a book by him.A book is given to me by him.2. 原词组中省略 To 的短语被动语态要恢复 to. Help sb do, watch sb do, hear sb do. Notice sbdo.letsb do, make sb do.I saw him help the child.He was seen to help the child.3. 主动表被动的词：当主语
5、是物，谓语动词时open ， write ，read ， sell，clean， wash, cut, burn, drive. 用主动表示被动。This kind of shirt sells well.4. 感官动词无被动： look, feel, taste, sound, smell5. Want /need/require+doing 相当于 want/need/require to be done. To be done 表示的是不定时的被动语态。This watch need to be repaired=This watch need repairing.6. 当主句的主语是反
6、身代词或 each other 时，不用被动语态。7. 当主句的宾语是不定时或 doing 的形式时，不用被动语态。My mother enjoys doing housework.8. 常见的无被动的词： happen ， take place, last（ 持续 ）， take off.英语中主动表被动的六种常见结构英语动词 ,通常都是主动形式表主动意义、被动形式表被动意义 .但在有些情况下 ,却用 主动形式表被动意义。现将这些情况总结如下： 一、某些系动词 + 形容词 常见的这类系动词有 :look ,feel ,smell ， sound, taste, prove, turn out
7、（结果是，证明是）等。例如：This coat feels very soft and smooth 。What he said sounds reasonable 。The medicine tastes bitter.All he said proved （to be ） true.The flowers smelling sweet （= which smell sweet） in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature 。We wanted to get home before dark ， but
8、 it didn t quite turn out as planned.二、某些用作不及物意义的动词 + 副词常见的这类动词有 :wash ， clean ， cook ， eat ， drink ， brew, fry ， bake, iron ， cut , dye ， dry, sell ， read, write ， teach, translate, record ， wear ， draw, drive, ride ， lock ， unlock ， close ， shut ,open ， break, smoke, play, act, wind up, make up, b
9、low ， keep, burn, light， strike （划着） , fire , pull,fill, begin, start, finish， complete ， run（ 运转）, stop, end, owe, print，move ， let（ 出租 ）, carry, handle ， kill ， ， milk ， pack ， pick, split 等.这时:（1 ）句子的主语通常指物。（ 2）用来表示主语的内在品质、特征、状态或性 质。（3） 通常和副词 easily, well ， quickly, smoothly ， badly, poorly ， nic
10、ely ， wonderfully ， perfectly ， comfortably 等连用。 例如 :1、He paid all that was owing.2、The tea is brewing.3、Because the shop is closing down ， all the T shirts are sold at half price 。4、-What are you going to do this afternoon ？I am going to the cinema with some friends 。 The film finishes quite early,
11、 so we are going to the bookstore after that 。5、Books of this kind sell well.6、This knife cuts easily 。7、This kind of cloth washes well ， irons easily and wears long.8、The paper tears easily.9、This article translates well and reads easily 。10 、The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoo
12、thly.11、The school ope ns at 7 : 45 and classes beg in at 8 : 00.12、The cigar smokes badly 。13、he cakes eat deliciously.14、-Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?-No, dear。They don t keep well. Put them in the fridge in stead.15、His voice doesnt carry well.16、This material does not dye well b
13、ut dries quickly.17、 The damp match wont strike.注意:在这里动词都是当作不及物动词使用，用主动形式表被动强调的是主语本身所 具有的某种内在的品质 ,促进、妨碍或阻止动词表示动作的实现；如果用被动语态则强 调外界作用造成的影响，动词表示的动作的实现与否和主语的品质无关,主要取决于动作的执行者。试比较:This novel doesnt sell well. 这本小说销售不畅。（是小说本身的原因）These novels have not been sold. 这些小说没有销出去。（由于其它原因没有卖出 去，与小说本身无关）The door won
14、t loC门锁不上。（门本身有毛病）The door wasn t locke门没锁。（人没把门锁上，与门本身无关）The text teaches well 。这篇课文好教 .（由于课文本身的内容才使得这课文 “好教”）The text is not taught well. 这篇课文没有教好 .（与课文本身无关，问题是动作执行者 没有把课文教好。三、某些不及物动词（短语）常见的这类动词有 :happen ， occur, take place ， belong to ,break out, last ， run out ,go out（ 熄灭），go down（ 下降），cost， spr
15、ead ，come （传来），come on（ 开始）, come out（ 出版）， come up（ 出现）, come into being（ 产生）, come to one s min（d 想起）， come about （发生） , come true ， give out ， suit, fit ， add up （to）,catch fire ， measure, weigh 等1、The war broke out in 1938 and lasted eight years.2、The big house belongs to me.3、The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century 。4、The bridge measures 30 meters across 。5、The news ca
