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1、动名词,动词不定式,分词用法练习动名词做主语、宾语和表语 1）做主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 pract
2、ice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他
3、成分。例如： admit to preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy cant help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful in
4、3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling point=a
5、 temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机 6.2 worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为值得。 1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 常见的有It s worth while to do./ It s worthwhile doing be wor
6、th doing sth. 某事值得被做 The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。 2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again. 3. worthwhile： be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事 It is worthwhile to ask him to join the
7、 club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。 典型例题 It is not _ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while 答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。 动词不定式 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 常见的形式如表所示，不及物动词没有被动语态。 时态语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do
8、to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / 1 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。 1） 1） 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如： afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pre
9、tend refuse tend undertake expect hate intend 例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。 2）有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如： ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish 例如： I like to keep everything tidy.
10、 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 1） 3） 有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如： decide know consider forget learn remember show, wonder find out tell inquire explain 例如： Please show us how to do that. 请
11、演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 2 不定式作补语 1） 1） 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如： advise allow cause challenge command compel drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make
12、let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 例如； Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。 注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 1) 2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如： consid
13、er find believe think declare appoint guess fancy guess judge imagine know 例如： We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。 典型例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：C. 一般没有co
14、nsider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 2) 3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如： believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 例如： We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 You wouldnt want there to be another
15、war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 3 不定式做主语 不定式做主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 Its very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式做主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如： To teach is to learn. It is to learn to teach. To teach is learning. Teaching is to learn.
