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1、文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！ Unit 7 Text1 How We Listen to MusicWe all listen to music according to our separate capacities. But for the sake of analysis, the whole listening process may become clearer if we break it up into its component parts, so to speak. In a certain sense we all listen to music on t
2、hree separate planes. For lack of a better terminology , one might name these:(1)the sensuous plane,(2)the expressive plane, (3)the sheerly musical plane. 我们根据各自的能力来听音乐，打个比方来说，如果我们把音乐分成不同的部分，整个听的过程就变得很清楚了。也可以这么说，在某种程度上，我们听音乐分为三个不同的层次，因找不到更好的术语，可这样命名（1）感官层面（2）表义层面（3）纯音乐层面。The simplest way of listenin
3、g to music is to listen for the sheer pleasure of the musical sound itself. That is the sensuous plane. It is the plane on which we hear music without chinking, without considering it in any way. One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound .A kind of bra
4、inless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music.最简单的听音乐方式就是听乐声给我们带来纯粹的愉悦，这是感官层面。在这个层面上我们听音乐不用思考，不用考虑，任何事情。打开收音机，一边忙别的事情一边心不在焉地沐浴在乐声中，这种心不在焉但有吸引力的心身状态是由音乐的感染力引起的。 Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force. This appeal to every normal human
5、being is self-evident. The sensuous plane is an important one in music, a very important one, but it does not constitute the whole story.是的，音乐声的感染力是强有力的，并且是原始的力量，这种感染力对每一个正常的人来说是不言而喻的。感官层面在音乐中是很重要的一个层面。非常重要，但并不是整个故事的全部构成。Three is , however, such a thing as becoming more sensitive to the different ki
6、nds of sound stuff as used by various composers. For all composers do not use that sound stuff in the same way. Dont get the idea that the value of music is commensurate with its sensuous appeal or that the loveliest sounding music is made by the greatest composer. If that were so. Ravel would be a
7、greater creator than Beethoven. The point is that the sound element varies with each composer, that his usage of sound forms an integral part of his style and must be taken into account when listening. The listener can see, therefore, that a more conscious approach is valuable even on this primary p
8、lane of listening.然而，不同的发音材料被不同的作曲家所用时就变得更加有感染力。所有的作曲者不可能按同一种方式组织材料。不要以为音乐的价值就与它的感官感染力相称，不要以为最美丽动听的音乐就是由伟大的作曲家创造的。如果你认为以上二观点可能的话，那么拉维尔是比贝多芬还要伟大的创作者。这一点是说声音成份不同，每一位作曲者不同，那么他音乐风格的统一的一部分-音乐形式的利用也不同，当听音乐时所有这一些必须考虑在内。The secondary plane on which music exists is what I have called the expressive one. My o
9、wn belief is that all music has an expressive power, some more and some less, but all music has a certain meaning behind the notes and that that meaning behind the notes constitutes, after all, what the piece is saying, what the piece is about, This whole problem can be stated quite simply by asking
10、, “Is there a meaning to music?” My answer to that would be. “Yes” And “Can you state in so many words what the meaning is ?”My answer to that would be, “No.” Therein lies the difficulty.音乐存在的第二层面就是我所谓的表义层面。我认为所有的音乐都有表现力，有的强些，有的弱些。但所有的音乐在每个词和每个词结构里面都蕴含有一定的意义。毕竟，这一支曲子说了些什么？这一支曲子是关于什么的？整个问题可通过问答来陈述“音乐
11、里面含有意思吗？”我的答案是“有”，“你能够用词语把它的意思陈述出来吗？”我的答案将是“不能”，这对我来说的确有困难。Simple-minded souls will never be satisfied with the answer to the second of these question. They always want music to have a meaning, and the more concrete it is the better they like it. The more the music reminds them of a train, a storm,
12、a funeral, or any other familiar conception, the more expressive it appears to be to them. This popular idea of musics meaning stimulated and abetted by the usual run of music commentator should be discouraged wherever and whenever it is met. 头脑简单的人们会对第二问题的答案很不满意，他们认为音乐一定有意思，并且意思越具体，他们就越喜欢它。这些音乐会令他们
13、想像出火车，暴风雨，葬礼等或其他相类似概念。越富有表现力，对他们越有吸引力。这种比较流行的意义音乐的观念被音乐评论家刺激并煽动着，无论在哪儿，无论在什么时候，这种观点都受激励。Music expresses, at different moments, serenity or exuberance, regret or triumph, fury or delight. It expresses each of these moods, and many others, in a numberless variety of subtle shadings and differences, It
14、 may even express a state of meaning for which there exists no adequate word in any language. In that case, musicians often like to say that it has only a purely musical meaning.音乐在不同时刻表达不同内容，或平静或情感充沛激扬，或悔恨或成功，或愤怒或高兴。它都能够表达出每一种不同的情绪。音乐中包含有数不清种类的细微差别和不同。它能表达出的思想状态，甚至任何语言中都没有足够的词语来描述。在这种情况下，就是音乐家们常常说的
15、纯音乐意义状态。While listening, each listener feels for himself the specific expressive quality of a theme or, the same thing to you each time you return to it.当听音乐时，一整段音乐，每一位听众都听到不同的表达主题，有时是相似的。如果它是一部经典大作，你别认为每次重复听的时候，它的意思会一样。Themes or pieces need not express only one emotion, of course. Take such a theme
16、 as the first main one of the Ninth Symphony, for example. It is clearly made up of different elements. It does not say only one thing. Now, perhaps the reader will know better what I mean when I say that music does have an expressive meaning but that we cannot say in so many words what that meaning is. 一段音乐主题不仅仅表达一种情感。当然，拿第九交响乐为例来说，除了正主题外，很明显，它有不同的主题部分构成。它也不仅仅阐明一个事情。现在，读者或许能够较好的理解：为什么我说音乐能够表意，但是我们却没有足够的词语把它的意义描述出来The third plane on which mu
