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1、大学英语四级翻译语法一、形容词与副词的比较级as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍
2、数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.比较级形容词或副词 + thanThe lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。比较 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother.
3、 (对) He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。比较 (错) China is larger than any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的
4、时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修
5、饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题: 1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easie
6、r本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D。和more有关的词组1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B
7、He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.二、 虚拟语气非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。句型 ： 与
8、现在事实相反 条件从句主句 did/|wereshould( would) do与过去事实相反 had done should/would have done与将来时态相反 were to do Should do would/shoulddo混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should,
9、或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.特殊的虚拟语气词：(should)+doIt is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略 important重要的 advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的determine
10、d决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 pre
11、ferable （好一点） proposed提议requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以forto do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。在宾语从句中的应用句型：主语+谓语+that +从句主语+(should)+do从句的在表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，谓语用should +动词原形的结构，should 可以省略。这类动词有：ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请
12、求command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do来达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。She advised t
13、hat we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句用should + do 的结构，should 可以省略。这类名词常见的有：advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令idea观点，意见preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐plan建议，计划request要求 requirement要求
14、 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告例如：This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。wish的用 真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.-“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”-“Thats all right, b
