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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Because of the severe drought, the government has urged people to be（ ）with water.问题1选项A.economicB.thriftyC.cautionsD.economical【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。 economic经济的；thrifty节约的，节省的；caution谨慎的，十分小心的； economical经济的，节约的。由句中“severe draught 严重旱灾”可知政府号召人们节约用水，不要浪费水。句意：由于那场严重
2、的旱灾，政府号召人们节约用水。故答案B2. 单选题The（ ）in Janets character has hindered her from advancement in her career.问题1选项A.weaknessB.meritC.defectD.shortcoming【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。weakness“弱点，嗜好”；defect“不足，缺陷”；shortcoming“缺点，短处”； merit“优点”。句意：詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业的进步。由hinder “阻碍”可知性格方面的不足阻碍了她的进步。只有C符合题意。答案C3. 单选题The （ ）of a cul
3、tural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.问题1选项A.implementationB.manifestationC.demonstrationD.expedition【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。implementation“履行，执行”；manifestation“表现，显示”；demonstration“演示，证明”；expedition “远征，探险”。句意：一种文化现象的表现形式通常是人们生活方式中某些物质方面的必
4、然结果。B项符合句意，答案B4. 单选题Macs close （ ）to his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 resemblance to “与相像”。句意：麦克和弟弟长得很相像，人们常常把他们俩认错。由后文“people mistake them for one another”可知Mac两兄弟长得很像。答案A5. 单选题When you take medicine, be care
5、ful not to （ ）that amount printed on the bottle.问题1选项A.surpassB.substituteC.exceedD.overcome【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。surpass “超过，优于”；substitute “代用品，替代者”；exceed “超过”； overcome“克服（困难）”。句意：吃药的时候注意不要超过瓶子上写的剂量。答案C6. 单选题Though he views himself as a realist, Cetron says his findings make him very（ ）about future.问题
6、1选项A.optimisticB.sympatheticC.objectiveD.precautious【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。 optimistic “乐观的”； sympathetic“有同情心的”； objective“客观的”；precautious“警惕的，谨慎的” 。句意：尽管认为自己是一个现实主义者，Cetron称他的发现让自己对未来非常乐观。由转折词Though 及realist “现实主义者”可知空格处所填单词意思应与realist相反，现实主义者一般对未来不持乐观态度，故选项中“乐观的”正确，答案A7. 单选题The word of science is heard
7、 so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose
8、 science is defined as classified knowledge.Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved expla
9、nations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion. The objectives of sc
10、ience are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man can not be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are dir
11、ecting much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes-for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or c
12、reating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the d
13、iscoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door of the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is am
14、azed they were not made years ago: however one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The hosts of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from ex
15、perience that most knowledge is eventually applied.1.Which of the following sentences about pure science is true?2.A scientist interested in general knowledge about oxygen would probably call this approach （ ）.3.Which of the Following does the author imply?4.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.It may lead to antiscientific, impure results.B.It necessarily precedes applied science and discovery of the cell.C.It is not always as pure as we suppose
