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1、宾语从句概念：是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。简单点说就是个大宾语，句子做宾语。宾语从句三大部分：引导词；语序；时态；引导（连接）词： （先来看几个例子）I think that mooncakes are delicious!I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework.I dont know when he left last night.（从这几个例子可以发现常用连接词都有哪些）引导宾语从句的常见词有that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。（先来看that）1. that引
2、导的宾语从句大多由陈述句担当，连词that本身无实际意义，口语和非正式文体中可省略。He said (that) he could finish his work before supper.I said (that) he was an honest man. 2. 用whether或if引导，意思为是否I dont know whether/if he still lives here after so many years.I want to know whether he likes the new house.3. what, who, whom, whose, which连接代词引
3、导；when, where, how, why连接副词引导The teacher asked the new student which class he was in.I know who did the good deed. 我知道谁做的这件好事You must take back what you said. 你必须收回你所说的话I want to know when the plane will take off. 我想知道这架飞机什么时候起飞He didnt tell me where the meeting would be held. 他没有告诉我会议在哪里开Mike asked
4、 me how I could do the work without any help. Mike问我，没借助任何人的帮助，我是怎样做这项工作的。Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？ (估计是老板指责员工)宾语从句的引导词，第一个that无意义，常省略，而whether，if，特殊疑问词都是有意义的，不能省略。提示：如果一句话中宾语从句很长，那么可以用it作为形式宾语，以免句子头重脚轻。He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English
5、.他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语 （it指代后面真正的宾语He preferred to study English）形容词的宾语从句：Sure, certain, gald, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等表示情感的形容词后的从句常被视为宾语从句Im not sure whether they will agree with us. 我不确定他们是否会同意我们的意见。Im satisfied that they are telling the truth. 我确信他们讲的是真话。He was glad that shed
6、come. 他高兴她要来了-Do you knowhe could pass the exam? -Sorry, Ive no idea.A that B whether C what D whichCould you say it again? I cant understandyou are talking about. A how B when C what D which语序：1. 陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。陈述句：He is an honest man宾语从句：I said he was an honest man.2. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序变为陈述句顺序，用whet
7、her或if连接一般疑问句：Does he study hard?宾语从句：I wonder whether/if he studies hard.3. 特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序变为陈述句语序，用原来的疑问词进行连接特殊疑问句：Who is he?宾语从句：Do you know who he is?时态：1） 当主句是现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可以根据需要使用任何时态。（主现从需）She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.She says (that) she will leave a messag
8、e on his desk.She says (that) she has never been to Beijing.(可以看出当主语是现在时的时候，从句可以使用各种时态)Can you tell me how many students there are in the room?2） 当主句是过去式（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），则从句的时态要用与过去相关的时态。（主过从过） I knew who lived here（一般过去时）He said (that)he was going to take care of the baby.(过去将来时)He said (that) they
9、were having a meeting at that time(过去进行时)He said that he had seen it.(过去完成时)3） 但是有一种情况如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实和自然现象时，即便主句是过去式，从句用一般现在时。She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. (什么时候她爸爸都是比她大28岁，这是个事实，什么时候都不会更改)He said (that) light travels much faster than sound.宾语从句的否定前移：I think he look
10、s like his father (变否定句，我认为他不像他爸，应该怎么否定？)I dont think he looks like his father. 否定在主句而不在从句，这种情况就是否定前移，否定前移的条件是主句是第一人称，谓语是think/believe/suppose等词。I believe that he is right (可以看下两点都符合，所以否定前移，I dont believe that he is right.If和when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别：If引导宾语从句，是“是否”If引导状语从句，是“如果”I dont know if he will come
11、He will come if it doesnt rainIf在两种从句的时态要求：I dont know if she to my birthday party tomorrow(主现从需). If she , I ll be very happy.（主将从现）A comes; will come B will come; will come C comes; will come D will come; comesIf he on time, we will go without himA doesnt come B dont come C didnt comeWhen引导状语从句时是“
12、当。的时候”When 引导宾语从句时是“何时”When he comes back, I will call you 同学们可以看看引导是什么从句I dont know when he will come back.-Would you please tell me ?-At 10:00 this morningA when will the train leave B when the train will leave(陈述句语序，将来时) when does the train leave-Could you tell me when Mr. Li in Beijing? -Sure, w
13、hen he, Ill call you.A arrives; will arrive B will arrive（宾语从句，主现从需）; arrives(状语从句，主将从现) C arrives; arrives D will arrives; will arrive(了解几个知识点)不能省略that的情况：1. 从句的主语是this,that或有this，that修饰时连接词that不能省。He says that that is a real kings hat.2. that从句中含有主从复合句。 Im afraid that if youve lost it, you may pay
14、 for it.3. 主从之间有插入语时 It says here, on his card, that it was used in plays.4. 若出现两个或两个以上的有that引导的宾语从句，且由并列词连接时，只有第一个that可以省略。 She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.只能用whether的情况1. 宾语从句置于句首表强调时 Whether this is true or not, I dont believe.2. 宾语从句与or not连用时 I dont know whe
15、ther or not he will come back.3. 与动词不定时连用时 She cant decide whether to go to America.4. 从句做介词宾语时 I worry about whether I hurt her.I am not interested in whether thy believe in me or not 我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣只能用if的情况1. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时 Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换1. 主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，疑问词引导的宾语从句可以变成疑问词+不定式的结构。 I dont know how I should do it next=I dont know how to do it next.2. 当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch等时，其后的that从句简化为“宾语+动词原形/ing”。 I saw that some boys were p
