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1、非谓语动词用法归纳之迟就智美创作主动主动1. doing用在要求动词后；进行；陪伴；性质；特 点；概括；笼统；一般3. having done有先后举措表完成（一般用在句首）5. to do用在要求动词后；目的；将来；具体7. to have done在要求动词后表完成的举措（一般用在句中）2. being done正在进行的主动4. having been done用于句首；要求动词后（有过去 时间或过去举措）6. to be done将来的主动8. to have been done用在要求动词后（有过去时间或 过去举措）9. done主动；完成(一般或普遍时间) 一、表格的用法10. d
2、oing的用法(1)在要求动词后( 作宾语)：avoid防止appreciate感激/欣赏 acknowledge 供认/自 认 admit 供认 advocate 提倡/主旅 consider 考虑 cant help 不由 cant stand 受不了 contemplate 名田想 complete 完成 confess 坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer 拖延 detest嫌恶 enjoy 享有/喜爱 envy 皎妒 endure忍受 excuse借口 escape 逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fanc
3、y幻想/快乐喜爱favor造成/偏爱 figure fit绘/计算 hate 讨厌 imagine 设想 involve 卷入/包括 keep 坚持 miss 错过 mention 说至1J /讲至U mind 介意 pardon 原谅/饶恕 permit允许 postpone 推迟practice实行/实践prevent阻it quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想 resist抵当/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨 stand坚持/忍受 suggest建议 save营救/储蓄 tolerate 忍受 worth 值得You should try to avoid
4、making mistakes.The book is worth reading.The book deserves reading.(2)表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.(3)表主动The man speaking English is Tom =The man who speaks En
5、glish is Tom.=The man who spoke English is Tom.Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.(4)表陪伴I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.I lie in bed reading a novel.(5)表性质；特点The film is very moving.She is understanding, so you had bett
6、er discuss your business with her.(6)概括性，一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌 烦.(概括性，一般性)Our work is serving the people .（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词；名词s+动名词例如：Tom insisted on my going with them. 他坚持要我和 他们一起去. He dislikes his wifes working la
7、te ,他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚11. being done暗示正在进行的主动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was beingcriticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.The building being built will be the tallest one in thi
8、s city.=The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.12. having done有先后举措美完成（一般用在句首）Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class,I went home.Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.Having done the
9、work, I went back home.Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.13. having been done用于句首；有先后举措表完成有先后举措表完成，（有过去时间或过去举措）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.（要求动词后）=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.Having b
10、een given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.=Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.I enjoy giving the opportunity
11、to study abroad to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.Having been finished, the report was turned in.=After the report had been finished, it was turned in.14. to do的用法:（1）用在要求动词后：接to do的动词（作宾语）attempt企图 afford负担得起 arrange安插 appear似乎，显得 ask问 agree同意 believe 认为、相信 be
12、gin开始 beg请向 bother扰;乱/烦恼 care 关心，喜欢 choose 选择 claim 要求 consent同意，赞同 contrive 设法，图 谋 demand 要求 destine 注定 determine 决定 dread 害怕 desire 愿望 decide 决定 enable能够 expect期望 endeavor努力fail木能 hate憎恨/厌恶 happen碰巧 hesitateSM hope 希望 intend 想要 incline 有,倾向 long 渴望 love 爱 learn 学习 mean意欲，筹算 manage设法 neglect忽视 need
13、需要 omit忽略，漏_ offer提供 pretend彳服装 plan计戈fj prefer喜欢/宁愿 prepare 准备 profess 标明 promise 许诺/允许 propose 提议 refuse 拒绝 swear宣誓 start 开始 seek 找/寻觅 try 试图 undertake 承接 volunteer 志愿 vow 起 wish 希望want想要（2）暗示具体举措，特别是暗示将来的举措（做表语）.Our work is to serve the people .The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who wi
14、ll do the job is Tom.To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做两件事即是未做.What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立亥d开始干 . 如果主语是不定式（暗示条件），表语也是不定式（暗示结果）.To see is to believe. 百 闻 不 如 一 见.To work means to earn a living . 工作就是为了生活 .如果主 语是以 aim , duty , hope , idea, happiness, job , plan ,
15、 problem , purpose, thing, wish拿为中心的上词，或以 what鼻|导的互 词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起弥补芈明作用. His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future . 他的希望是在不远 的 将 乘 买 一 辆 豪 华 轿 车.The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The
16、 most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.省 to 的 动 词 不 定 式1 ） 情态动词 （除 ought 外 , ought to）:2）使役动词let, have, make;在主动语态中则to不能省失落.The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work thewholenight.3）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find等后作宾补，省略to.在主动语态中
