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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题With the expansion of the company, the manager has so much work to do that a holiday for him this year is （ ）.问题1选项A.out of questionB.out of the questionC.beyond all questionD.past question【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of the question“不可能”；beyond all q
2、uestion“毫无疑问”；past question“无可争辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期对他来说是不可能的。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题A man who becomes conscious of the responsibility he bears toward a human being who affectionately waits for him, wont be able to throw away his life. He knows the “ （ ）for his existence, and will be able to bear
3、any“（ ）”.问题1选项A.how . whyB.why . howC.when . WhyD.where. how【答案】B【解析】语法题。how表方式，why表原因，when表时间，where表地点，根据题意，他知道她存在的原因和意义，可知第一空填why。句意：一个人如果意识到他对一个深情地等待着他的人所承担的责任，他就不能抛弃自己的生命。因为他会意识到自己存在的原因，并且能够承受未来的一切。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Their solution was to enroll their children in private schools, which, because they
4、received no tax money, were free to operate without being subject to racial （ ）.问题1选项A.discriminationB.segregationC.controversyD.apportionment【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。discrimination“歧视”；segregation“隔离”；controversy“争论”； apportionment“分派”。句意：他们的解决方法就是将他们的孩子送入私立学校，因为他们不收取任何税款，并且没有种族歧视。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题问题1选项A.explo
5、it a loopholeB.plug a loopholeC.find a loopholeD.use a loophole【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。exploit a loophole “开发利用漏洞”；plug a loophole “堵塞漏洞”；find a loophole “发现漏洞”；use a loophole “使用漏洞”。句意：斯蒂芬先生提出了一个现行保释法的修正案去填充一个漏洞，这个漏洞使得被保释的人可以进一步犯罪。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题It is reported that he means to exchange into another regiment
6、, （ ） for the purpose of separating himself from me.问题1选项A.avowinglyB.avowingC.avowedD.avowedly【答案】D【解析】语法题。avowing “承认，公开宣称”；avowed “公开宣布的”；avowedly “公然地”。空格应该用副词来修饰整个句子。句意：据报道他打算调到另一个政权，目的是公然地和我划清界限。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Just as the United States must change, so too must those economies that have previous
7、ly relied on exports （ ） weaknesses in their own demand.问题1选项A.to offsetB.by offsettingC.in offsettingD.offsetting【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配rely on sth. to do “依靠做某事”，句意：正如美国必须做出的改变一样，那些经济体以前也依赖出口来找消除内需不足的弱点。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Field-based, socially complex education program call for a different framework and m
8、ethodology for evidence gathering, （ ） the rigor in the “science” of investigative processes must be evaluated with a different set of criteria （ ） are traditionally employed with RCTs or quasi-experiment.问题1选项A.X.XB.that. thatC.where. thanD.which. which【答案】D【解析】根据题意，第一个空格为非限制定语从句，选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是
9、定语从句，先行词为criteria，所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。8. 翻译题Totalitarianism is the polar case of such bureaucratic concentration of power that destroys democratic processess, but not the only one. The same tendency can be observed in political machine that transfer the power that legally belongs to voter
10、s to political bosses, in business corporations that vest the power that rightfully belongs to stockholders in corporation officials, in those unions that bestow the power that rightfully belongs to rank-and-file members upon union leaders. These cases lead some writers to contend that the present t
11、rend toward bureaucratization spells the doom of democratic institution. This may well be too fatalistic a viewpoint, but there can be no doubt that this trend constitutes a challenge. To protect ourselves against this threat, while continuting to utilize these effcient administrative mechanisms, we
12、 must first learn fully to understand how bureaucracies function.【答案】【参考译文】极权主义是这种官僚权力集中破坏民主进程的极端例子，但不是唯一的例子。在其他方面也可看到相同趋势：政治机器将合法属于选民的权力转移给政治领袖；商业公司将合法属于股东的权力授予公司高层；一些工会将应赋予普通成员的权力给工会领导人。这些案例使一些作家认为，目前的官僚主义趋势预示着民主制度的灭亡。这可能是一个偏宿命论的观点，但毫无疑问，这种趋势（给我们）带来了一种挑战。在我们继续使用这些有效行政机制时，为了保护自己不受这种威胁，必须首先充分了解官僚机制是
13、如何运作的。9. 单选题She says the files she looked at werent confidential and were （ ） for consultation by any senior member of staff.问题1选项A.free availableB.freely availingC.free availablyD.freely available【答案】D【解析】语法和固定搭配。根据空格前的be动词were可知，空格处的中心词应该是一个形容词。available “可获得的，可购得的”；availably “有效用地，可获得地”；availing为
14、动词avail的现在分词形式。所以排除选项B和C。形容词前可有副词修饰，freely “免费地，自由地”，free “免费的，自由的”。句意：她说她看的文件不是机密的，并且任何高级职员都可以免费获得这些文件的咨询。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题As the clerk （ ） prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there, （ ） making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.问题1选项A.logically. incautiouslyB.metho
15、dically. mindlesslyC.systematically. carefullyD.synthetically. casually【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。logically “合乎逻辑”；incautiously “鲁莽地”； methodically “有条理地”；mindlessly “不费心思地”； systematically “有系统地”；carefully “小心地”；synthetically “综合地”；casually “随意 地”。句意：当店员有条不紊地为我准备奶昔时，我想知道她已经在那里工作多久了，她不费心思地按一定的步骤制作冰淇淋。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题 Broadly speaking, I （1）the experience of would-be public intellectuals i
