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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Man, said Aristotle, is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex civilizations. Survival h
2、as been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another.Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition called the “state”, and the rules that maintained it, the “law”. With tim
3、e the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member
4、in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules that govern all men.【答案】亚里士多德说过，人是一种社会性动物。这种社会性要求人类和平的聚集，而人类历史主要是人类集体跨越时间的运动，从迁徙的部落到大而复杂的文明。人类能够生存下来是因为有创造各种手段
5、的能力，通过这些手段，群体中的人们能够保持团结以及对彼此的忠诚。在环境的挑战中生存下来的需要和渴望带来了秩序。这种有序的状态叫作“国家”，而维持这种状态的规则叫作“法律”。随着时间平静地流逝，人类走过了几个世纪的进化历程，即将探索自身群体的边界。在所有的生物中，只有人类有能力把自身的演变解释为进步。随着社会生活的变化，大群体中每个成员的价值和权力都在增加。随着群体从氏族发展到文明，个人的价值并没有减少，而是变成了统治所有人的规则指南。2. 单选题To _ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good fo
6、r him.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配与上下文语义。A选项commence“开始，着手”；B选项compromise“妥协，和解”；C选项compensate“补偿，弥补”；D选项compliment“恭维，称赞”。句意：为了_他不愉快的经历，他喝多了一点。根据句意，C选项compensate较符合，空格后的介词for提示我们，空格处应填compensate，构成短语compensate for，其他选项均不跟介词for搭配。因此，本题最佳选项为C。3. 单选题It is a curiou
7、s paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more cert
8、ain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earths social systems w
9、ith some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems o
10、n which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples
11、 of personal experience.In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data comes in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” our image of various parts of the total system as the pr
12、obability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secu
13、re of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things
14、as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly
15、insecure.16. The word “paradox” (Para. 1) means “_”.A. implicationB. contradictionC. interpretationD. confusion17. According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because _.A. a reverse ordering will help promote the
16、development of the physical sciencesB. our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systemsC. our understanding of the social systems is approximately correctD. we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena18. The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because _.A.
