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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable
2、of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.Sufficient buoyancy(浮力)to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be r
3、eliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important, as is its tendenc
4、y to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark
5、under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since th
6、is greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the wate
7、r while trying to swim.1.The passage is mainly about（ ）.2.According to the passage, a life must be first of all（ ）.3.United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made（ ）.4.By “the uninitiated individual” ( Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person（ ）.5.What would happe
8、n if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?问题1选项A.the uses of life preserversB.the design of life preserversC.the materials for life preserversD.the buoyancy of life preservers问题2选项A.adjustableB.comfortableC.self-evidentD.self-righting问题3选项A.with as few strings as possibl
9、eB.capable of being worn on both sidesC.according to each wearers sizeD.comfortable and light to wear问题4选项A.who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB.who has a little experience in using a life preserverC.who uses a life preserver without permissionD.who becomes nervous before a disas
10、ter问题5选项A.The waves would move him backwardsB.The water would hit his eyesC.He would immediately sink to the bottomD.He would be exhausted or unconscious【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。由第一段“According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being
11、 quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position. 根据美国的要求，救生衣的设计必须是可逆的，能够迅速调整以适应不熟悉的个人，而且必须设计得能够在水中支撑穿戴者直立或稍微向后的位置。可知本文主要讲的是有关救生衣的设计。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“The position in which the life preserve
12、r will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.救生衣支撑落水的人的位置是最
13、重要的，即使在穿戴者筋疲力尽或失去意识的情况下，它也会使穿戴者在水中从脸朝下的位置转向直立或稍微向后的位置，使他的脸不沾水。”可知救生衣最重要的特征是能够自动扶正的。故D项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后第一段“Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide
14、variety of shapes and sizes of wearers. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger,因此救生衣应该可以两面都穿的，这样的话几乎不可能穿反。带子应尽可能少。另外救生衣一定要根据不同穿戴者的体型来调节。合适的救生衣应该总是穿起来舒适，无论在水里还是在水的外面，并且不能太重
15、以至于船遇到危险时会想要把它脱下来。”可知ABD三项在文中都有提及，故C项不对。答案选C。4.词义题。由第一段“According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, 根据美国的要求，救生衣必须设计出双面可穿的、不熟悉穿戴的人能够迅速适应的。由该句可推断该词的意思为没穿戴过救生衣的，没受过训练的人。故A项正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段“The posit
16、ion in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is the most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. 救生衣支撑落水的人的位置是最重要的，即
