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1、宾语从句基本讲解与练习宾语从句小口诀宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，弓I导词后陈述式。一、概念在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that (在非正式场合that可以省略)。that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeti ng the next day.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班 会。Lit
2、tle Tom was afraid (that) he couldn t pa小汤姆担xam这次考试不及格。【拓展 1 】可跟 that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, expla in, feel, suggest, hear, mea n, no tic等。【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定 时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don t think (that) he can give a spee
3、ch at the meetin我认为他不会在会上发言的。【拓展 3】 在 think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hop等动词以及 I m afraid后，可用 so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。eg: - Do you believe he will come?你相信他会来吗？-I believe so.我相信会。-I don t believe s或(believe not.)我相信不会。2. 以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语 从句，从句是陈述句语序。whether
4、或if在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”。eg: “ May I use your knife ” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.【注意1】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。eg: “ Do you know her teleph one nu mber ” He asked me.f He asked me whether I know her telephone number.【注意2】：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有
5、些情况例外。 当从句做介词的宾于是只用 whether不用if。eg: We are talk ing about whether well go on the pic nic.我们在讨论是否去野餐。 引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时，只用whetheroeg: Please let me know whether to do n ext step.请让我知道是否开展下一步行动。Could you tell me whether you go or not?能告诉我你是否去吗？3. 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词what, which, who, whom, whose,
6、when, where, why, how。弓I导词后要用陈述句语序。疑问词在从句中充当相应的主语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语成分，且有自己的意义。eg: Who will give us a talk? I don t know. f I don t know who will give us a talk.【注意1】特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如 主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。eg: Do you kno w? Where does he live?f Do you know where he lives?Which
7、 subject do you like best? He asked me. f He askedme which subject I liked best.【温馨提示1】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是 do / does / did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其 去掉，谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。eg: Why did you come to the party late yesterday? Can you tell me?f Can you tell me why you came to the party lateyesterday?【温馨提示2】特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时
8、语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。eg: Who can an swer the questi on? The teacher asked.f The teacher asked who could answer the question. 老师问谁能回答这个问题。【温馨提示3】特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，要是主从句人称一致，一般可将宾语从句复合句 改为简单句。eg: I won der how I can send an e-mail to you.f I wo nder how to send an e-mail to you.我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。【特殊情况】：当do you think
9、后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为“引导词+ do you think+陈述句语序”。eg: What do you think he is going to do next? 你认为他下一步打算做什么？三、宾语从句的时态1. 主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的实际情况需要使用相 应的时态。eg: The worker says （that） he works from Monday to Friday. 那名工人说他从周一至周五上 班。（从句是一般现在时）Joh n says （that） he will leave a message on his de
10、sk勺翰说要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）They will tell you （that） they are living / lived / will live / have lived in Shanghai. 他们会告 诉你他们正住在上海 / 在上海住过 / 将住在上海 / 一直住在上海。（从句是现在进行时 /一般过去时 / 一般将来时 /现在完成时 ）2. 主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。eg: He told me that he didn t go to the library yes他id诉y我他昨天没去图书馆。（从句是 一般过去时）He said （t
11、hat） he was playing football at that time. 他说他那时在踢足球。 （从句是过去进 行时）He said （that） he would post the letter. 他说他将要寄这封信。（从句是过去将来时 ）They asked me whether I had been there before. 他们问我以前去没去过那里。（从句是过去完成时 ）【注意 1】如果从句有具体的过去时间状语，尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前，有时仍用 一般过去时。eg: She told me her brother died in 1960. 她告诉我她哥哥 1960
12、 年去世的。They said they checked everything yesterday. 他们说昨天他们全部检查过了。【注意 2】当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理、自然现象、科学原理 或格言时，从句仍使用一般现在时态。eg: The teacher told us （that） nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上 无难事 ,只怕有心人。四、随堂巩固练习1. Have you decided for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do
13、 you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave2. Can you tell me ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3. The old man asked me .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4. I think you will
14、 like him.A. thatB. ifC. why D. how5. I didn t know he will come or not.A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6. I wonder .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7. She asked me .A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D.
15、 who he is8. Ask him .A. whose cup this isB. whose cup is this C. this is whose cupD. whose is this cup9. I don t know .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10. The doctor asked me how long _A. was I ill B. have I been ill 11. The weather forecast doesnA. if it rains tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow12. Do you know ?A. whose pen is thisC. whom does the pen belong to13. Could you tell me where C. I have been illD. I had been illt s
