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1、名词性从句（ 一 ）名词性从句的种类在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句That price will go up is certain.Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.What surprised
2、us is that he lost in the game.When he will be back depends on the weather.Where we live doesnt matter.How the pyramids were built was still a mystery. Watever he did is right.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whichever you want is yours.名词性从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将从句置于句末。例如：It is not yet decided who will d
3、o that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 It is a pity that you missed the concert.很遗憾你错过了那场音乐会。宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 (及物动词，介词和形容词后)We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.Tell me why you dont like school.Dont ask about what the meeting is for.We
4、 are certain that this is true.动词+ it +从句 （ it没有任何意义 ）I heard it that he had gone abroad.I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.主语 + 谓语 + 形式宾语it + 宾补 +宾语从句I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.I took it for granted that you would stay with us.表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在
5、系动词之后 The reason was that he didnt work hard.New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.That is why he turned me down.The book is where you left it.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。He accepted the fact that she would never come back. Do you have any ideas where we can get cheaper secondhand car?(
6、 二 ) 名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的连接词； 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, whyI. 名词性that-从句 1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如： 主语：That he is still a
7、live is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are
8、satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如： / It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that It is importa
9、nt thatIt is obvious that b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that It is known to all thatIt has been decided that c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge thatIt is a surprise thatIt is a fact that d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears thatIt happens thatIt occurred to me thatII. if, whether引
10、导的名词从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend him the
11、 money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 III. 名词性wh-从句 由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从
12、句。Wh-词包括what, who, whom,. whose, whoever, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。1. what用法 ）what是连词，what 在从句中充当主语，如：what is needed，从句可充当：主语What is needed is time. 需要的东西就是时间。表语This is what is needed.这就是需要的东西宾语I dont know what is needed我不知道需要什么。 ） what是连词，what 在从句中充当宾语，如：what he di
13、d，从句可充当： 主语What he did surprised all of us. 他做的事情使所有的人都惊奇。表语This is what he did.这就是他做的事情。宾语I dont know what he did.我不知道他做的事情。 ）what 是连词，what在从句中充当表语，如：what water is，从句可充当：主语What water is is known to us all.水是什么是大家都知道的。表语What the little boy want to know is what water is. 小男孩想知道的是水是什么。宾语Everybody know
14、s what water is.人人都知道水是什么。 2. who用法）who是连词，在从句中充当主语，如：who broke the window ， 从句可充当：主语Who broke the window is not known yet. 谁打碎了窗户该不知道呢。表语The problem is who broke the window. 问题是谁打碎了窗户。宾语I dont know who broke the window. 我不知道谁打碎了窗户。 ）who是连词，在从句中充当表语，如who he is，从句可充当： 主语Who he is is being looked into. 他是谁正在被调查着。 表语 The problem is who he is. 问题是他是谁。宾语I dont know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。 ）who (whom) 是连词，在从句中充当宾语，如：who (whom) I know 从句可充当： 主语Who I know has nothing to
