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1、 科普类雅思阅读真题海水的利用 上海环球雅思2010年1月9日的科普类雅思阅读真题阅读有一道海水利用的文章，这篇文章偏向科普类的文章，不是很了解的同学可以看看下文带来的分析,以及最新雅思时事阅读-海水淡化。 下面，请看环球雅思为大家整理的一篇科普类雅思阅读真题海水的利用。考试日期：2010年1月9日Reading passage oneTitle：海水的利用科普类雅思阅读真题海水的利用大致内容：关于如何应对地中海地区缺水的情况，讲一个利用地壳的热能供水的project,如何利用海水，利用地热方法提取海水，得到饮用水，以及这个方法带来的其它的好处.境空的内容有mineral extraction
2、,crust，grid, operating cost;是非无判断:NG(上一个工程的失败可以避免)F(当地人一开始很支持这个project) T(这个机构还用了一些别的措施来帮助当地人)NC. (local audnrities campaigned against theproject)科普类雅思阅读真题海水的利用之雅思时事阅读：中国水问题的希望海水淡化More government support, including subsidies and a favorable pricing mechanism, is neededfor the country to use desalina
3、ted seawater to quench its thirst, a top industry expert said.The lack of an effective pricing mechanism for desalinated water and support for an operablepolicy is affecting the development of the countrys sea desalination industry, said Li Linmei,director of the State Oceanic Administrations Instit
4、ute of Seawater Desalination andMultipurpose Utilization in Tianjin.The country aims to produce 2.2 million cubic meters of desalinated seawater daily in 2015,about three times current capacity, according to a National Development and ReformCommission plan released last year.Current domestic water p
5、rices range from 2.4 yuan to 4.9 yuan a metric ton in the coastalregions, while the price of water for industry ranges from 3.3 yuan to 7.9 yuan a ton, accordingto ChinaWaterNet.However, desalination plants can produce 674,000 tons daily at a cost of about 5 yuan ($0.80)a ton - not including infrast
6、ructure such as pipelines.Li said the government should consider bringing desalinated water into the water grid.Aside from subsidies and funding for pilot programs, Li believes desalination is a key part ofwater security.The seawater desalination industry is as important as water conservancy project
7、s for China tocope with its water shortage, Li said.China suffers from severe water shortages, nearly 54 billion cubic meters on average everyyear. This means that more than 66 percent of cities experience water shortages.To compound that difficulty, water consumption is expected to surge to about 7
8、00 billion cubicmeters in 2030, up from 600 billion cubic meters.Facing such a severe shortage, authorities are taking measures.In March, the NDRC identified the regions and companies selected to carry out the firstdesalination projects, including heavily populated areas such as Zhejiang and Hebei p
9、rovinces,and the municipalities of Shenzhen and Tianjin.The commission asked regions and companies to encourage desalinated water use forindustrial and domestic purposes.The industry is expected to get a 10-billion-yuan boost from the plan.Li said the policy showed the countrys determination and con
10、fidence in boosting the industry. Key technologyReverse osmosis technology and other areas of development vital for desalination have beenmastered, Li said.Osmosis technology pushes water under high pressure through fine membranes, filtering thesalt. Coupled with the distilling process of high-press
11、ure steam and evaporators, this means that thetechnology is, in more ways than one, on tap.The country has 16 seawater desalination plants with a daily capacity of more than 10,000metric tons of fresh water, according to the NDRC.Although we have made great progress in technology, large-scale plants
12、 in China still dependon foreign technology, Li said.Desalination is used in more than 150 countries to supply water to more than 200 millionpeople. The Tianjin Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization is strengtheninginternational cooperation to raise Chinas domestic seawater
13、 desalination technology and boostexports, Li said.There are concerns about the potential environmental effects of large-scale seawaterdesalination plants, especially wastewater discharges.Li said the government should launch an environmental assessment before any major upgrade.科普类雅思阅读真题海水的利用之中文翻译尽管
14、中国已将海水淡化视为解决沿海未来淡水资源短缺的措施之一，但是业内专家认为，淡化水的广泛应用仍存在一定难度。国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所所长李琳梅在接受本报专访时指出，“尚未形成有效淡化水价格机制以及缺乏具体可操作的优惠政策在一定程度上影响了中国海水淡化产业的发展。”相关数据显示，我国海水淡化装机能力为67.4m3/d，海水淡化水综合成本价格约为5元/吨左右。中国水网显示目前我国沿海居民生活用水价格介于为2.4元/吨4.9元/吨；工业用水价格3.3元/吨7.85元/吨。与自来水相比，淡化水显然没有价格优势。 李琳梅提出，为了促进中国海水淡化产业的发展，国家首先要将海水淡化水视为保障国家
15、水资源安全的重要组成，将淡化水纳入国家水资源配置体系和区域水资源规划。同时，政府应为公益性海水淡化工程提供补贴。根据去年国家发展改革委员会发布的海水淡化产业发展“十二五”规划，到2015年，海水淡化产能规模将达到220万立方米/日以上，约为目前产能的3倍。该规划还提出，到2015年，海水淡化对解决海岛新增供水量的贡献率达到50%以上，对沿海缺水地区新增工业供水量的贡献率达到15%以上。 李琳梅指出，目前中国海水淡化技术发展已基本成熟，但其市场的培育和发展需要实质性的产业政策支持。她认为国家财政应设立专项资金，用于支持具有自主创新的海水淡化技术及其规模化示范的试点项目。 李琳梅说：“作为中国应对水资源短缺的措施，海水淡化与水资源保护同等重要。”根据水利部发布的统计数据，我国年平均缺水量接近540亿立方米，66%以上的城市受到水资源短缺的困扰。水资源缺口仍在不断扩大。到2030年，年水资源消耗量将由目前的600亿立方米增至7000亿立方米。面对如此严峻的水资源短缺，国家开始采取措施以推动海水淡化产业发展。三月份，国家发改委公布了第一批海水淡化工程试点区域和企业，浙江、河北、深圳和天津均榜上
