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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 世界与宇宙的本质是什么？这是中国哲学的基本问题。春秋时期的思想家老子是第一个尝试进行阐释的中国哲学家，老子认为“道”乃宇宙及世界之源。道无始终，“道”即“天”，“天”即“道”。老子主张“道法自然”。这个观点揭示了一个平凡但深刻的真理：天、地、人及世间的一切都有着自然的属性，人类作为自然的一部分应当遵循自然的法则，而不应无节制地向自然索取。【答案】What is the essence of the wo
2、rld and universe? This is a basic problem in Chinese philosophy. Lao Tze of spring and autumn period attempted to explain Chinese philosophy firstly. He though that “Tao” is the source of our world or universe. “Tao” has no end or beginning. And the universe is Tao, and Tao is universe. Lao Tze advo
3、cated the theory of “the rule is consistent with nature”, which shows us a simple but profound truth: All things in the world, including universe, earth and human have natural attributes. As a part of nature, human beings shouldnt ask the nature for resources immoderately and need to obey the nature
4、s rules.2. 单选题Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic（ ）for their child.问题1选项A.ambitionsB.intentionsC.propositionsD.aspirations【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。ambition “野心”；intention “目的”；proposition “提议”；aspiration “抱负”。句意：只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题（ ）fire tests gold, so does adversity
5、 tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.AsD.Comparing【答案】C【解析】考查连词。Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题As the leaves turn yellow and fall, you can feel the（ ）of winter.问题1选项A.approachB.effectC.surround
6、ingD.specimen【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。approach“靠近”；effect “作用”；surrounding “周围的事物”；specimen “样本，标本”。句意：当树叶变黄掉落，你可以感受到冬天的到来。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Her jewelry （ ）under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.问题1选项A.glaredB.glitteredC.blazedD.glowed【答案】B【解析】考查近义词动词辨析。四个动词都有发光的意思，glare强调发出耀眼的强光；gli
7、tter强调闪闪发光选；blaze强调火焰燃烧发出的强光；glow多指冶炼铁和钢时发出的光。题目中提到的是珠宝闪闪发光。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures，especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said
8、about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud，feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty million years，despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber ha
9、s subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are prese
10、nt.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shapedhence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with (heir fle
11、xibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic ratefeeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so
12、 that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty. they would devour all the food availa-ble in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends i
13、tself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding wat
14、er temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.1.According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumber important?2.The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses（ ）3.What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?4.Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?问题1选项A.Because it helps them digest food.B.Because it helps them protect themselves from danger.C.Because it makes it easier for them to move through mud.D.Because it makes them attractive to fish.
