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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor p
2、leasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to ha
3、rm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million
4、 would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotio
5、ns are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what i
6、t has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions
7、 are good and others are bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride
8、 shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make pe
9、ople afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2.According to the passage, peoples learning activity are possible because they（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is d
10、ependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because（ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was
11、harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from provi
12、ding help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capacity to workC.the stimulus to workD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement b
13、y which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D.they produce more love than hate among people.问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us to adapt our behavi
14、or to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能无法活下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对
15、自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. 他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段“Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would
16、 be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知
