《英语标点符号的用法》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语标点符号的用法（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、英语标点符号的用法(2010-03-09 11:34:03) 转载标签： 标点用法杂谈分类： 帮你学语法 逗点：1.逗点用于分隔一系列的简单内容，如 I will go to Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenzhen.2.逗点用于修饰名词的多个形容词之间，如 a small, fancy bike3.逗点用于连接两个较长的独立子句，而且每个句子的主语不同，如 The Grizzlies were out of timeouts, and Miller missed a desperation 3-pointer as time expired.4.逗点用于关联的子句之间，
2、如 Since hes your younger brother, please take care of him.5.逗点用于一个较长的修饰短语之后，如 In the middle of the coldest winter on record, the pipes froze.6.逗点用于直接引用的句子之前，如 Mary said, “Lets go fishing.”（注意：如果是引用比较正式的发言讲话就要用冒号，一般情况下就用逗点。）如果句中含有间接引用就不需要逗点，如 Mary said we should go fishing.在反问句之前要使用逗点，如 :He worked ve
3、ry hard, didnt he？分号：1.与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下，使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系，另外分号也经常与连接副词 thus, however, therefore一起使用(放在这些词语之前)。如 I realize I need exercise; however, Ill lie down first to think about it.2.在句子中如果已经使用过逗点，为了避免歧义的产生，就用分号来分隔相似的内容。如 The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the
4、engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.需要注意的是：一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句点结束。写英文时用逗点代替句点、分号、冒号或破折号叫“逗号错”，这正是中国学生所要避免的。请比较下列例句：误：It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.（注意：上面句子中划横线的部分是两个不同的主语，而且逗点前后的句子是完整的-单独拿出来都能代表一个完整的意思。因此，用逗号违反了英文规定，即一个句子只能有一套主干。）正：It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields
5、. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields. They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields. As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields
6、.误：The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.正：The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea. The essay is poorly organized: there is no central idea.连字符：1.连字号主要用于某些前缀(如: self-,ex-和all-) 后和构成复合词。如:ex-husband(前夫),brand-new（全新的）,poorly-dressed（衣着破烂的）I have forty-thousand or fif
7、ty-thousand dollars.I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment.当两个或两个以上复合词并用, 而各复合词连字号后的部分相同时, 各复合词的相同部分只出现一次,应改为the whole-or half-year lease.2.用于区分同一词源3. 当某复合词中出现重复的字母或过多的元音, 使阅读困难时, 可用连字号把前缀和词根分开。non-nuclear, re-use, semi-independent4. 构成某些复合数字（在英文写作中，100以下的数字应该用英文单词写出来，不可
8、用阿拉伯数字代替）twenty-one during the years 1949-1999有时, 用作名词的分数可以不用连字号, 但所有用作形容词的分词均须加连字号。如: one fourth 也可one-fourth of those surveyed5.用于一个词的一部分要移行, 一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py）,或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。冒号：1.冒号用在公函上收信人的称呼Dear Sir: (你看，冒号前没有任何空格喔)2.冒号用于分开标题和副标题(当一标题需要进一步说明时所加上
9、的副标题)（1）. Math Applications: Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks(标题Math Applications和副标题Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks之间以冒号隔开)（2）. I recommend Chinnerys book Oak Furniture: the British Tradition. (Oak Furniture是书名，the British Tradition是副标题)3.冒号必须加在完整句子或独立子句之后Every repairman mu
10、st have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.其中Every repairman must have是不是有完整的意思呢？显然意思并不完整。因此句子中的冒号是多馀的。如果要用冒号的话，上面句子应该写成下面的样子：There are three things every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.看看冒号前There are three things every repairman must have，它是不是有完整的意思呢？“每一位修理员必备三样东西”可见意思是完整的
11、，虽然你还会问是哪三样东 西呢？因此冒号后面就列出那三样东西了。现在我们知道在冒号前必须是的完整意思的句子或子句，跟冒号后的可不一定是个句子或子句。它可能是一个列表，甚至可能只是一个单词。错误句：For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.正确句：For our camping trip, I brought various essential items: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flash
12、light.4.冒号用于表示比例Among students of French, women outnumber men by more than 4:1. (4:1=4比 1,用文字说就是by more than four to one)5.冒号用于表示时间(美国式)2:15 (两点十五分) (英国式 2.15) ，(上午十一点三十分) (英国式 11.30 am)引号：引号有双引号和单引号之分，事实上，双引号较单引号常用，单引号多见于报刊的新闻标题中。引号有下列几种用法：1) 用于直接引语。注意句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置：逗号、句号位于引号内（这是美国用法，英国用法多置于引号外）
13、，在引语内再用引语时，可用单引号（这是美国用法，在英国用法中，单引号在外，双引号在内）。引语不止一段时，引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处。2) 用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等。Period / Full Stop(.)句号、句点句号的写法，在英文里是个小黑点(.)，可在中文却是个小圈儿(。)(在科学技术文章里也可用“小黑点”)。用法也有些差异，在英文方面，最“好玩”的是用在缩写方面：* 句号用在陈述句、祈使句及礼貌问句等的句尾* 句号用在缩写方面* 句号用在数目字方面句号用在陈述句、祈使句及礼貌问句等的句尾：1.用在陈述句(Declarative sentence)尾，
14、表示句子结束：I am leaving now.Ailan and Xiaodong are my friends.2.用在祈使句(Imperative sentence)尾，表示句子结束：Close the door.Turn in your papers, please.3.用在礼貌的、祈使性的、以及间接疑问句(Interrogative sentence)尾，表示句子结束：Will you please send me three copies.麻烦你给我三份。(不要看到Will you.就在句尾加问号喔)Since when am I supposed to believe this.
15、我什么时候会相信这个呢。He asked if you can come.他问你能不能来。4.句号用在表示缩写(Abbreviation, Acronym):缩写词(Abbreviation)：(将一个字词省略其中某些字母,字尾须加句号)称呼：Mr. = Mister,Mrs.= Misteress, Dr. = Doctor, Mim. = Ministor / Ministry , Esq. = Esquire (先生)时间：yr. = year, min.=minute星期：Mon. = Monday, Tues. = Tuesday, Wed. = Wednesday, Thurs. = Thursday,Fri. = Friday,Sat. = Saturday, Sun. = Sunday月份：Jan. = January, Feb. = February, Mar. = March, Apr. = April, Jun. = June, Jul. = July, Aug./Ag. = August, Sept. = September, Oct. = October, Nov. = November, Dec. = December(注意：oct. =
