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1、重难点08 完形填空之说明文【命题趋势】中考完形填空抛弃了传统的语法知识型”命题模式转变成，情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是实出语篇，即重在文意的干扰,把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。【满分技巧】 1. 跨过空缺处，先通读全文了解文章大意做题时，应先跨过缺词处。通读全文，理顺文意，找出关键词，我们可以依据首句给的相关提示，通过逻辑思维分析。借助短文中关键词们所提供的信息，跨过空缺处，把全文快速浏览完，建立语言的整体感.，从而帮助我们了解短文人意。2. 先易后难，各个击破通读全文后，可以根据文章大意，展开逻辑思维，分析每一个空缺处在
2、句中的地位和作用.以确定最佳答案 。遇到闲难时，可忽略此空，先做下一题，最后再回过头来分析解答，也许就会峰口路转，思路明晰。3. 梳理全文查看文章的完整性做完所有题目后，还应再次通读全文，看看此时的短文行文是否流畅，意思是否连贯。逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手。检查一下句子的时态以及词语的搭配等是否正确。【热点话题】 说明文热衷于说明建议、人物故事类、广告类等。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A【2019 山西省中考】话题： 说明建议难度：建议用时：6分Grass is, of course a plant which grows in the field; a plant whic
3、h some kinds of animals like to eat. When there has been plenty of _1_, the grass is green. When the weather has been dry, the grass is brown. Animals like to eat grass when it is_2_and fresh. And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals_3_to eat that grass. An animal in a field m
4、ay look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in the field_4_greener. But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance(远处). So thats the_5_of the expression The grass is gr
5、eener on the other side of the fence.We sometimes only say The grass is_6_greener on the other side. We use the expression to describe the situation someone looks at distant things and feels they are better than the things around him. But_7_he could go to the distant place, he would find that life t
6、here is just as difficult. So dont always think that other people have a better situation. Just be_8_with what you have had. Enjoy and value it!1. A. rainB. snowC. sunlight2. A. greenB. brownC. yellow3. A. refuseB. preferC. agree4. A. smellsB. tastesC. looks5. A. formB. meaningC. advice6. A. seldomB
7、. sometimesC. always7. A. whenB. becauseC. unless8. A. angryB. strictC. happy【文章大意】动物们喜欢吃绿色、新鲜的草，当他们在这边吃草的时候，他们总是会觉得那边的草更绿，这就是这山望着那山高这句俗语的意思。但实际上可能并非如此，所以作者建议我们要知足常乐，珍惜和享受现在所拥有的。1. A【解析】句意：当那里有充足的雨水时，草会更绿。考查名词辨析，rain 雨水，snow 雪，sunlight 阳光。根据下句话When the weather has been dry, the grass is brown.气候干燥时，
8、草会是棕黄色的，故与此相对，应该是雨水充足时，故应选A。2. A【解析】句意：动物们喜欢吃绿色新鲜的草。考查形容词辨析，green 绿色的，brown 棕色的，yellow 黄色的。根据下句话And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals_3_to eat that grass.可知，动物们喜欢吃绿色的草。故应选A。3. B【解析】句意：如果一个地方的草更绿，动物会更喜欢吃那里的草。考查动词辨析，refuse 拒绝，prefer更喜欢，agree 同意。根据第2小题的注释和句意可知，如果草更绿，更新鲜，动物们就会更
9、喜欢吃。故应选B。4. C【解析】句意：田野里的动物可以越过篱笆望向另一片田野，那里没有动物，田野里的草也看起来更绿。考查动词辨析，smells 闻起来，tastes 尝起来，looks 看起来。根据句意草的颜色应该是看到的，故应选C。5. B【解析】句意：所以这就是那句俗语的意思。考查名词辨析，form 形式，meaning 意思，advice 建议。根据上文An animal in a field may look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in
10、thefield_4_greener.But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance可知，动物们从篱笆这边望向那边，觉得那边的草更绿，而当他们真的到了那边时，会发现其实一样绿。这几句话解释了这山望着那山高这句话俗语的意思，故应选B。6. C【解析】句意：别的地方的草总是看起来更绿。考查副词辨析，seldom 很少，sometimes 有时， always 总是。根据上文提到的这个俗语T
11、he grass is greener on the other side of the fence.可知，那边的草总是比这边的草更绿。故应选C。7. A【解析】句意：但当他能走到远处的草地时，他会发现，那边的生活也不好过。考查连词辨析，when 当.时，because 因为，unless 除非。根据句意可知，这里应表示当时候，他会发现，故用when引导时间状语从句，选A。8. C【解析】句意：知足常乐。考查形容词辨析，angry 生气的，strict 严厉的，happy 开心的。根据上下文So dont always think that other people have a better
12、 situation. Enjoy and value it!可知，作者告诉我们不要老想着别人的情况更好，要享受并且珍惜现在拥有的，知足常乐。故应选C。【点睛】这是一篇说明文，作者先讲述具体的事例，然后呈现出问题这山望着那山高，最后提出了建议。文章通过具体事例引出问题，使学生们在阅读时比较容易理解和把握文章主题。题型是完形填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后根据上下文语境提示做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔细辨析选项中单词的意思和用法；最后将答案代入原文，再读一遍，检查答案是否正确。例如第2小题，考查形容词辨析，green 绿色
13、的，brown 棕色的，yellow 黄色的。根据下句话And if the grass in one place is greener than the rest, animals_3_to eat that grass.可知，动物们喜欢吃绿色的草。故应选A。再如第5小题，考查名词辨析，form 形式，meaning 意思，advice 建议。根据上文An animal in a field may look over the fence(篱笆) into the next field, where perhaps there are no animals and grass in thef
14、ield_4_greener.But if the animal could get into the field, it would find that the grass is really the same. It just seems better from a distance可知，动物们从篱笆这边望向那边，觉得那边的草更绿，而当他们真的到了那边时，会发现其实一样绿。这几句话解释了这山望着那山高这句话俗语的意思，故应选B。B【2019 湖南省郴州市】话题：节日类难度：建议用时：6分 Thanksgiving Day was coming. A teacher gave her cla
15、ss an interesting task to draw a picture of something to express their _1_.The teacher thought most of her _2_ would draw turkey or some other traditional food of the festival. And so they did. But Douglas made a _3_ kind of picture.Douglas was a child of unhappiness. _4_ other children played together, Douglas always stood close by his teachers side.His picture was special. When he was asked to draw a picture of something for which he was thankful, he drew a hand! _5_ else. Just an empty hand. His work caught the attention of his classma
