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1、被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系，主动语态表示主语是动作 的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。本册书我们将学习被动语态的三种时态：(1) 一般现在时的被动语态(2) 一般过去时的被动语态(3) 含情态动词的被动语态 一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态由“助动词be的现在式am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 + (by)构成。基本句式肯定式：主语调 + am /is /are +过去分词+( by)Bicycles are sold in that shop .Football is played all o
2、ver the world by people.否定式：主语+am/ is /are + not +过去分词+ (by)Bicycles are not sold in that shop .Football is not played all over the world by people. 一般疑问句： Am /Is /Are + 主语+过去分词+( by) ?Is this kind of TV sets made in Guangzhou ?Is football played all over the world by people ?被动语态的基本用法：(1) 需要强调动作的承受
3、者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now.Water is needed badly by the crops here .(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when sh
4、e was young . 主动语态转换不被动语态的步骤1， 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2，把动词改为被动语态形式即“be+过去分词“。3，原来主动语态句子中的主语，如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by 是介词，后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要，可以省 略。4， 其它成分不变5，被动语态中“ by+宾语”的省略 被动语态句式中的“ by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者，但是在遇到以下情 况时，表示动作执行者“by +宾语”常常被省略。( 1) 动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood .Many people
5、 are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages Football is played in most schools。(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式：主语+ was /were +过去分词+byIt was ma
6、de in Beijing Renai Education Institute .These computers were made in the USA ?(2) 否定式：主语+was /were + not +过去分词+ byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday . 一般疑问句：Was /Were +主语+过去分词+by ?Were these computers made in the USA ?Was it made of bamboo?
7、 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were +过去分词+by What was is made of ?When was it invented教你一招如果句子为一般现在时，主动语态用do/does，被动语态用is/am /are 如果句子为一般过去时，主动语态用 did ,被动语态用 was /were .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词We can change water into ice Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroomHer bedroom ou
8、ght to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary at once A dictionary should be bought at once byyou.(2) 否定式：主语+情态动词+not +be +过去分词+byYou must not take out any books .Any books mustnt be taken out by you .They neednt look after the little child The little child neednt be looked after (by them)(3) 疑问句：
9、情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+byCan you use it ?Can it be used ?常见的情态动词有： can，may， ought to， must ， dare ， need，should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：1， 当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2，当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .英语被动语态被动语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和 被动语
10、态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如： Many people speak Chinese.谓语： speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如： Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文 Chinese 是动词 speak 的承受者。1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中 文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例 如 It is not unusual for workers in that region to be
11、 paid more than a month it 在句中作形 式主语。而不定式 to be paid more than a month 是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意 思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。2. 构成：be+past participle（过去分词）（简称P.P.） （+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的 概念见上课）3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语， 主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式 但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如 The fire had be
12、en put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词4. 应用到各种时态和句型,如下： 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）： am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover.本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。” do作为 及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义， do dam
13、age 的意思是“造成破坏”。主语 damage 是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有,I will mend the machine. 相当于 The machine will be mended （ by me） . 进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned. 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）:have/has been + P.P:例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o clock this afternoon.再如：
14、 My homework has been finished. 其他时态 以此类推，可得到结果。 情态动词的被动语态:主语+情态动词+ be动词+动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed. 不定式的被动语态： to be done 例： The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来 不了的客人。）II、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带 to 的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把 省略的 t
15、o 加上，这类动词有let, make, have,help和感官动词feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to，如： The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成 My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句 放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report 等 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成 主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不 通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被 动的依据。例： At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to S
