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1、1.sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.2. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习take exercise 做运动3. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job，What interesting work it is!4. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good
2、cook.5. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.6. problem, questionproblem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用7. price, prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.8. a number
3、 of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.9. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 A boy sits in the front of the room.10. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad
4、 the next year.11. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.12. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.13. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.14. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was
5、 ill. Thats why15. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人- How many/How much? - None.16. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人/物均可，可接of, any one of you 17. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.18. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择W
6、hich do you prefer, bananas or apples?19. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student20. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I havent many books.21. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan后接可数名词 many more people
7、, much more water, much more beautiful22. no, notno=not a/any, no friend=not a/any friend, no water=not any water23. by oneself, for oneself, to oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的24. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.25. tall, hightall常指人或动物，hi
8、gh常指物体 He is tall.26. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly27. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of(高度赞扬)28. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby， The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.29. r
9、eal, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story30. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，a pleasant trip，be pleased with对感到满意/开心31. ill, sickill做表语，sick定语、表语均可 a sick boy, He is sick/ill.32. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is we
10、ll again.33. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it.34. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting.35. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前36. happy, gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl, Im happy/ glad to see you
11、.37. instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.38. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy39. raise, riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. Raise your hand, please.4
12、0. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk41. spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spendon sth./(in) doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; It takes sb some time to do sth.; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱;sth cost some money42. join, join in, take part injoin加入某个组织
13、，并成为其中的一员;join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in;take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.43. learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究study the problem44. want, hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以实现)，hope to do/ hope that wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth.
14、+ n. I wish you success.45. answer, replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to, reply to the letter46. leave, leave forleave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.47. drop, falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.48. win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them49. live on, live bylive on以为主食，live by靠谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing50. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而have a cold可以She has had a cold for a week.51. change for, change intochange for调换成，change
