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1、XX年考研营业翻译试题答案和分析Thereis,aordingly,amarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhich everyonegetsfromlivingwithothers,aslongashereallylivesinste adofjustcontinuingtosubsist,andthedeliberateeducatingofthey oung.Intheformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturaland important,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheass
2、ociation.Whilei tmaybesaid,withoutexaggeration,thatthemeasureoftheworthofan ysocialinstitution,economic,domestic,political,legal,religi ous,isitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;yetthiseff ectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive,whichislimitedandmoreimmed iatelypractical.( 命题专家把这个句子改写为： Itmaybesaidt
3、hatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionis itseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience,butthiseffectisn otapartofitsoriginalmotive) 可以说，要衡量任何社会制度价值， 就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响， 但是这种影响并不是其原来 动机的一部分。Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecureth efavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluenc
4、es;familyli feinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;sy stematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,e tc.Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitution,itseffectu ponthequalityandextentofconsciouslife,noted,andonlymoregrad uallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefac
5、torinthecon ductoftheinstitution.( 命题专家改为：Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted.andonlym oregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactori ntheconductoftheinstitution。) 这种制度的副产品只有逐步得到认识；而在实施这种制度的过程中， 认识到这种效果具有直接作用的时 间则更加缓慢。Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesof
6、indus triousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionofth eformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld#39;sworkiscarrie donreceiveslittleattentionasparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimme diatehumanfact,gainsinimportance.Whileitiseasytoignoreinour co
7、ntactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,ortos ubordinatethateducativeeffecttosomeexternalandtangibleresul t,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.( 命题专家改为： whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouracts upontheirdisposition.itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.) 在 我们和年轻人接触的时候， 虽然
8、容易忽略我们的行动对他们性格的影 响，在与成年人交往的过程中则并非如此简单。Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaomplishachangei ntheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequencesw hollyoutofaount.Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethem toshareinamonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotwearefo rmingthepowerswhichwil
9、lsecurethisability. 既然我们的主要任务 在于使年轻人参与共同生活， 我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成这种 力量，这种力量可以确保我们获得能力。 Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthattheultimatevalue ofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffect-itseffectu ponconsciousexperience-wemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbe enlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyou
10、ng. 该试题是：典型的 学术论说型文体，原文讨论的是 ThePlaceofFormalEducation.（ 正规 教育的地位），试题的具体是JohnDewey的专著 DemocracyandEducation（ 麦克米兰公司 1916年出版） 。09年考研翻 译试题截取了这本书第一章的部分内容，并做了修改，我把原文和 09 年试题专家改动后的部分一一对比在下面文章中。Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducat
11、ion- thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.因此，在上述 （ 目前为止已经考虑到的 ） 广泛的教育过程中，可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformalteachingand training.Savagegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositi onsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepsadults loyaltotheirgroup.Theyhav
12、enospecialdevices,material,orinsti tutionsforteachingsaveinconnectionwithinitiationceremoniesb ywhichtheyouthareinductedintofullsocialmembership.Forthemos tpart,theydependuponchildrenlearningthecustomsoftheadults,a cquiringtheiremotionalsetandstockofideas,bysharinginwhatthe eldersaredoing.Inpart,thi
13、ssharingisdirect,takingpartintheou pationsofadultsandthusservinganapprenticeship;inpart,itisin direct,throughthedramaticplaysinwhichchildrenreproducetheac tionsofgrown-upsandthuslearntoknowwhattheyarelike.Tosavages itwouldseempreposteroustoseekoutaplacewherenothingbutlearni ngwasgoingoninorderthatonemightlearn.
