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1、After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation通天塔之后语言与翻译面面观 Subject：Translation theory and practice Tutor: Yukun Bu Author: Ying Ma Major: Foreign Linguistics and Applied LinguisticsNumber: 2010132078 After Babel: Aspects of Language and TranslationYing Ma(Foreign Language College, Jilin Universit
2、y，Changchun 130012)摘 要：乔治斯坦纳所著的通天塔之后-语言与翻译面面观1975年首次出版，系统地描述了自18 世纪以来的翻译理论。即使今日该书在翻译领域仍占有不可取代的重要地位，所提出的观点仍有深远影响。其中重要两点是：乔治斯坦纳提出的理解即翻译，这也是全书及其理论的基调；另一点是四步骤理论。本文主要从四步骤理论（即，信任、入侵、吸收和补偿）探讨了译者在翻译过程中的主体性，并以此来分析冰心的译文。体现了翻译过程中译者主体性的重要作用。关键词：理解；阐释学；四步骤理论 IntroductionIn linguistic research, firstly Steiner ad
3、opted diachronic and synchronic and pointed out language is in the process of dynamic. During this procedure, Hermeneutics and translation exist from start to the end and as a means to realize communication. Steiners research is from overall perspective, from Plato to Aristotle, from Humboldt to Sau
4、ssure then Chomsky. In the light of school, Steiner thought translation as an art rather than science, it is not science and difficult to be in its later development for the lack of linguistic support to translation research. This book talked about translation between different languages, divided in
5、to 6 parts: understanding as translation, language and Gnosis, word against object, the claim of theory, the hermeneutic motion. This paper discusses translators role in the process of translation mainly from the perspective of George Steiners fourfold the hermeneutic motion: “trust”（信任）“aggression”
6、(入侵)“import”(输入) and “compensation”(补偿). George Steiner takes the reader through the history, theory and justification of translation in this challenging book. His book is divided into six sections. In Understanding as Translation, he explains that since language is used to imperfectly express thoug
7、hts and ideas, all speech is translation. Language and Gnosis addresses the reasons behind the surprising and seemingly counterintuitive diversity of languages. Word and Object covers a variety of subjects, including the sounds native to a language and the purpose (if any) of falsity in expression.
8、The Claims of Theory traces the history of translation theory, with some very helpful comments on Chomskyan linguistics. The Hermeneutic Motion gives examples and detailed analysis of various triumphs and failures of translation. Topologies of Culture closes with a look at all imitative art as trans
9、lation and a conjecture about the future need for translation in light of English as a world language. Although this book is written in English, the author cites text in French and German extensively, and a reader unfamiliar with these languages will miss out on some passages. Professor Steiners sel
10、ected bibliography and extensive footnotes offer a decades worth of further reading for those who are interested in following up on some of the ideas. Understanding As TranslationThe implication of the translator “exact art” in every aspect of comparative literary and cultural studies is the object
11、of study and teaching. By salutary paradox, moreover, Anglo-American masters, notably among the poets, are themselves more and more turning to translation. It is as if the plenary dominion of their privileged world speech entails growing responsibilities towards the genius of more constructed nation
12、al traditions and sensibilities whether by direct or interposed means. British and American writers are translating across a whole gamut of tongues, stretching from Russian and Japanese to Portuguese.For the above reasons, in the first chapter, George Steiner stated his argument “understanding as tr
13、anslation”. As a translator, you have to know what the writer is saying and then add your understanding into new version to present to the readers. In this case, actually, the translator is the first reader of an essay, and only can he understand well first, then to interpret the codes between langu
14、ages. The first chapter of George Steiners works After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation is named Understanding as Translation. Steiner thinks that an exercise in total reading is also potentially understands. (Steiner，2001:8), which shows that it is not easy to understand the internal elem
15、ent of language, even the same language. He thinks that when reading or hearing anything happened before, we are all in the process of translating. This opinion is accordance with Roman Jakobsons classification: intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation. Steiner also thinks that the producing and understanding of language are the process of translating actually. He argues that translation is the basic factor of language. We can infer that understanding the past is to translate the past into the present; and understanding the foreign means to translat
