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1、非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是 高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现 率达百分之百。纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非 谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也“知之半解”深感头疼。请看下面的方 法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。1、动词的不定式 不定式有标记， 没有人称数变化, 主宾定状表补语, not加上不定式, 疑问词与不定式, 仔细推敲多思考,to与动词连一起。 动词特点它具备。 唯独作谓不可以。 否定结构要牢记。 构成短语有意义。 准确判断有依据。解析： “to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不
2、定式的标记。 它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定 式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、 定语、表语、状语和宾补。 “n ot +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记 住规律。 疑问代词 what, who, whom, which 和疑问副词 where, when, why , how 加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。 通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就 能作出准确的判断。2、动名词：哪些动词后面只能接动名词
3、，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。 喜欢、考虑不可免(en joy, con sider, escape, avoid) 停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk) 反对想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off) 要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)建议继续勤*练(suggest, go on, practise)不禁原谅要坚持( can t help, excuse , insist on)继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)1. Every one in o ur cla
4、ss was work ing hard and doing what we coulda good college.A. en terB. to en terC. en teri ngD. en tered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此 处应填动词原形en ter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could后省略了动词do， 若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was work ing hard and doin g what we could do to enter a good college 即句中的不定式短
5、语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could) 起构成谓语。请再看 类似例句：(1) They did what they could to comfort her.他们尽量安慰她。(2) They did everything they could to save her life.他们尽一切力 量拯救她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不
6、 定式。请看以下试题：(4) He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus.A. to hopeB. hopeC. hop in gD. hoped此题的答案是C不是A,其中的现在分词短语hopi ng to catch the early bus用作伴随状语。(5) He spent every minute he could spoken English.A. practiseB. to practiseC. practisingD. practised此题答案选C,这与前面动词spent的搭配有关，即spend. (in) doing
7、 sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spe nt every mi nute he could spe nd in practis ing spoken English.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could his oralEn glish.A. improveB. to improveC. improv ingD. to improv ing此题答案选D,注意两点：一是devote . to .是固定搭配，意为 把贡献给“；二是其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing abou
8、t it, so he cant help any of yourwork.A. doin gB. to doC. being doin gD. to be done【陷阱】容易误选A,根据ca nt help doi ng sth这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth =不能帮助做某事ca nt help doi ng sth =禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是B：She cant helpthe house because shes busy mak ing a cake.A cleaningB. to cleanC.
9、 cleanedD. being cleaned再请看以下试题：While shopp ing, people sometimes cant helpinto buyingsometh ing they dont really need.A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded此题应选C,句中的cant help意为禁不住(注意根据句意用被动形式)。3. All her time experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted t
10、o doingC. devoti ng to doing D. is devoted to doing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：(1) devote意为致力于，献身于，主要用devote.to.或be devoted to,其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定 式。(2) 选A错误：若将do改为doi ng则可以。(3) 选 B 正确：all her time devoted to doing experime nts 为独立主格 结构，用作状语。(4) 选C错误：因为all her time与devote为被动关系，故
11、应将devoti ng 改为 devotedo(5) 选 D 错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doi ng experime nts, 此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体 上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,则可选D，或将D将中的is改 为bei ng也可选它。请做以下类似题(答案均选A):(1) All the preparati ons for the project, were ready to start.A. completed B. have been completedC. had been c
12、ompleted D. been completed(2) Suchthe case, I could nt help buthim.A. being, support B. was, supportC. has bee n, supporti ng D. is, to support比较以下各题，答案选B,因为句中使用了并列连词and: All the preparati ons for the project, and were ready tostart.A. completed B. have been completedC. had been completed D. been co
13、mpleted(2) Suchthe case, I could nt help buthim.A. being, support B. was, supportC. has bee n, supporti ng D. is, to support4. The purpose of n ew tech no logies is to make lifeeasier,itmore difficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not mak ing D. do not make【陷阱】容易误选C,受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用 法。【分析】其实答案
14、应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and或but，not to make it more difficult是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier的补充说明。 此句的意思是新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困 难。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose的内容。请做以下类似试题(答 案选B)：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers butworkfor young people.A. provide B. to provideC. provid ing D. provided5. The
15、murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind his back.A. to be tied B. being tiedC. tied D. hav ing tied【陷阱】容易误选B。【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，han ds与tie的关系应属被动关系， 故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来 意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示 两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说his ha nds bei ng tied的实际 意思是他的手正在被捆住，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两 层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的with his han ds tied behi nd his back可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳 答案为C。请看下面一题：Anyonetrying to take knives on heard flights would be caughtby the police.A. finds B. foundC. being foun
