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1、基于Profibus-DP的现场总线接口技术研究摘 要随着现代化工业生产过程中复杂性与集成化程度的增加，在工业控制中现场总线控制系统得到了越来越广泛的应用。相对于传统的控制系统，大大简化了系统结构，降低成本，更好地满足了实时性要求，提高了系统的可靠性。而在诸多现场总线标准中，又以Profibus现场总线技术的应用较为广泛且发展迅速。在工业控制中各种设备种类繁多，这些设备大都具备通信功能，但值得注意的是，它们所支持的通信协议往往是不相同的，因而各种设备之间的数据交换会出现很大的难题，且存在通信速率偏慢的问题。而Profibus现场总线以它优良的性能，可以较好的解决这些问题。但实际应用中并非所有设
2、备都具备Profibus通信功能，这样，如何为一个设备开发出Profibus通信接口，使设备能接到Profibus现场总线网络中就显得尤为重要，但近年来国内在这方面做的工作比较少。在本文中，论述较为流行的Profibus现场总线技术，针对Profibus系列中的一种总线技术Profibus-DP进行了研究，并研制了Profibus-DP现场总线通信接口，目的是为了使不具备Profibus-DP通信功能的设备能够通过本通信接口连接到Profibus-DP网络上。在功能上，不仅支持同一厂家使用同一通信协议的设备，而且能支持不同厂家使用不同协议的设备同时连接到同一个Profibus-DP网络上，即混
3、合组网功能，极大的提高了设备选择的灵活性。本通信接口还具有网桥模式功能，在此连接模式下，可以使两个网络之间互连进行数据交换。本文首先介绍了现场总线技术的概况和常用的现场总线标准及OSI参考模型，接着论述了Profibus现场总线技术。然后在对Profibus-DP技术研究的基础上，详细论述了基于Profibus-DP的通信接口的硬件及软件实现。在硬件设计中，主要围绕专用的ASIC芯片SPC3来进行开发，在完成基本功能的同时，充分考虑了硬件的通过性及将来的扩展。在软件设计中，详细介绍了通信接口的软件设计实现，包括状态机的实现、各种通信报文的实现、GSD文件的编写，协议间的互相转换实现，网桥模式的
4、实现等，且以实际应用中的ACS400系列变频器为例对通信接口与设备之间的数据交换内容和实现方法做了分析。且对于设备的混合组网模式，以ACS400系列变频器和MIDIMASTER系列变频器为例进行了分析。最后，对本通信接口的可靠性也做了简要分析。关键词：现场总线，通信接口，协议转换，Profibus-DP，SPC3RESEARCH OF FIELD BUS INTERFACETECHNOLOGY BASED ON PROFIBUS-DPABSTRACTWith the increase of the complexity and integration of the modern industr
5、ial process, field bus control system is widespread used in the industrial control. It predigests the system structure more than the traditional control system. It also reduces the cost, and meets the challenge of real time application, and increases the system reliability. And PROFIBUS is by far th
6、e most widespread all of the field buses. It develops very quickly.There are large amount of devices in the industrial control. Most of they have communication functions. But as we know that, they often use different protocols. So they cant communicate with other devices any time. Even they can do t
7、hese, the baud rate will be slow. The PROFIBUS can solve these problems preferably. But actually not all the devices have PROFIBUS communication functions. So it is very important to develop PROFIBUS communication interfaces for industry devices to be connected into PROFIBUS network. The recent rese
8、arch about the development of PROFIBUS communication interface is insufficient.The technology of PROFIBUS is introduced in this thesis. The research about PROFIBUS-DP that is one of PROFIBUS is discussed. The communication interface of PROFIBUS-DP was investigated and developed. It aims to make the
9、devices that have no PROFIBUS-DP communication functions can be connected into the PROFIBUS-DP network. It not only can support the device that made by the same manufacturer with same protocol, but also can connect the devices that made by different manufacturer with different protocol into one PROF
10、IBUS-DP network. This can be called as mixed network that increase the adaptability of devices choice. This communication interface has net bridge function yet. In this model, two networks can be connected to exchange data. The summary of field bus technology and popular field bus standard and OSI r
11、eference model are firstly introduced. Then the technology about PROFIBUS is discussed. Based on the research of the PROFIBUS-DP, the hardware and software realization of the communication interface based on PROFIBUS-DP is discussed. In the hardware design, it is mainly based on the special ASIC chi
12、p SPC3. Beside the basic functions, the commonality and expansibility of the hardware is well considered. In the software design, the realization of software is introduced in detail, including the realization of state machine and all kinds of messages and GSD protocols conversion and net bridge mode
13、l and so on. The data and method of the data exchange between the communication interface and device are analyzed by using ACS400 converter as example. The mixed net model of devices is analyzed by using ACS400 converter and MIDIMASTER converter as example. At last, the reliability of this communica
14、tion interface is analyzed briefly.KEY WORDS: field bus, communication interface, protocol conversion, Profibus-DP, SPC3 / 目 录第一章 绪 论11.1现场总线概述11.2 现场总线技术特点和优点21.2.1 现场总线的技术特点31.2.2 现场总线的优点41.3几种常用现场总线介绍51.4 课题的提出和现状61.5 本论文所做的工作7第二章 PROFIBUS现场总线92.1 OSI参考模型92.1.1 OSI参考模型的结构和功能102.1.2 各层功能定义102.2 PR
15、OFIBUS通信模型122.2.1 Profibus 各层功能132.2.2 Profibus协议结构142.2.3 Profibus传输技术152.2.4 Profibus总线存取协议162.2.5 常用的总线拓扑结构172.3 Profibus-DP182.3.1 Profibus-DP基本功能192.3.2 Profibus-DP的系统配置212.3.3 Profibus-DP系统行为222.3.4 Profibus-DP的扩展功能23第三章 Profibus-DP通信接口的硬件设计243.1 PROFIBUS-DP通信接口开发概述243.1.1 Profibus-DP通信接口开发工具243.1.2 SPC3芯片263.2 Profibus-DP通信接口硬件设计29第四章 Profibus-DP通信接口的软件设计354.1 普通从站模式354.1.1 软件思路及流程354.1.2 协议状态机的实现354.1.3 数据链路层和应用层功能的实现384.1.4 报文实现414.1.5 通信接口与设备之间的数据传送524.1.6 GSD文件的编写534.1.7 简单通讯试验564.1.8 普通从站模式下的混合组网584.2 网桥模式614.2.1 实现方法624.2.2 与普通从站模式的简单比较66第五章 可
