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1、英语语法学习-代词代词的分类：(一)指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用。that apple ( ) that meat ( )(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1)人称代词：主格、宾格(作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格)eg. 1)I thank you2)You thank me.2)物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。eg. This is _(我的)book. This book is _(我的). my ; mine3)反身代词：某某自己;亲自单数复数yourself
2、yourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;过得愉快2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学4.(all) by oneself (完全)独立地5.help oneself to 请自便;随便吃6.look after oneself 自理;照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于;沉浸于(三)不定代词1)some与any一般情况下
3、，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以could , would开头)2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多much + 不可数(但a lot of不能用于否定句)3) few , a few ; little , a little.The story is easy to read. There are _new words in it.Hurry up! There is_ time left.4) everyone / anyone 不加ofno one 不加 ofnone of( )_ of us wants t
4、o read the book.A. Everyone B. Every oneC. Nobody D. No one5)相互代词other ,another , others单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersomeothers特指onethe other一个另一个the others =the other+复名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese.May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty.I have two pens. One is re
5、d , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the otherseach other (两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明we指两个人)They help one another (说明they指三个人以上)6) 二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意： .both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数;neither , none作主语为
6、单数，但none of + 复名，neither of + 复名( )1._ of my parents is a teacher.A. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There are many trees on _ side of the river.A. both B. any C. either D. allevery one / any one of7) each: (二者以上的)每个every: (三者以上的)每个._ student in the class likes English._ of the students studied h
7、ard.表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个;一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许)主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词IYouHesheItwethey英语语法学习-连词(一)从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词(二)并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。2. 表选择关系的or, eitheror等。3. 表转折关系的but, while(然而)等。4.表因果关系的for, so等。5. and: “和”在
8、肯定句中表并列or: “和”在否定句中表并列另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句2)or “否则”eg. .Which do you like better, tea or milk?.Hurry up, or youll be late for school.6.but “但是”表转折eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用2)not but 不是而是eg. This book isnt mine but yours.both and : 既又(连接主语为复数)neithernor: 既不也不 连接两主
9、7. eitheror: 或者或者 语后者决not only but also:不但而且 定单、复eg.1)Both he and I are students.2)Neither he nor I am a student.练 习( )1. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?-I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English.A. eitheror B. not only but alsoC. neithern
10、or D. bothor( )2. We didnt catch the train _ we left late.A. so B. because C. but D. though( )3. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much.A. if B. so C. though D. as( )4. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself.A. after B
11、. when C. if D. until( )5. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it.A. when B. until C. after D. before( )6. -This dress was last years style.-I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year.A. so that B. even thoughC. as if D. ever since( )7. Hurry
12、 up, _ you will miss the train.A. and B. so C. however D. or( )8. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top.A. soas B. sothatC. asas D. tooto( )9. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xian?-Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday.A. as soon as B. even tho
13、ughC. rather than D. as if( )10. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.A. Although B. WhileC. Whether D. Since总结：表并列关系：not only.but also，neither.nor，and表选择关系：or，either.or表转折关系：but，while表因果关系：for，so(2)从属连词(用来引导从句)引导时间状语从句： after，before，when，while，as，until，till，since，as soon as引导原因状语从句：because，as，since引导目的状语从句：so that，in order that引导结果状语从句：so that，sothat，such.that引导比较状语从句：than，asas引导宾语从句：that，if, whether资料来源：初中英语
