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1、课时达标(三十二) Unit 2 Robots建议时间/35分钟 (见学用课时P75) 阅读理解A课标话题人与社会科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数 263难度 Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robotone that draws inspiration from an octop
2、us(章鱼)Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots，” the stud
3、ys authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains(地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their
4、 users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyve taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a sil
5、icone(硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as searchandrescue operations and exploration，” Barbara Mazzolai and Vir
6、gilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technologys Center for MicroBioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”语篇导读科学家受到章鱼的启发，制造了软体机器人，本文介绍了这种机器人的研发过程、用处及局限等。1Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？AIts soft. BIts made
7、 of metal.CIts very small. DIt looks like an octopus.解析 A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，“Octobot”是一种可以用作软体机器人基础部件的微型系统，据此可知，“Octobot”的特点是柔软，故选A项。2Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?ATheyre hard to control. BTheyre too heavy to move.CThey cant predict conditions. DThey cant behave well all the time.解析 D
8、推理判断题。根据第三段可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，它们还可能对人造成伤害；据此可推知，传统机器人并非总是运行良好，故选D项。3One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots _.Asilicone body Bcomplex componentsCprecise movements Dflexible power source解析 D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，制造柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，如提供动力的部件，故选D项。4Whats the possible application of “Octobo
9、t”？AMedical research. BLife rescue.CMachine operation. DHouse cleaning.解析 B细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，尽管软体机器人开发还处于早期阶段，但它极可能应用于诸如搜索救援和探险等活动，故选B项。B课标话题人与社会科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数 331难度 Youll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality(VR) ever lives up to its prom
10、ise, you might be able to do all these thingsand many morewithout even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿) bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, its long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure
11、out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子). Then how does it work?Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wraparound headset(耳机) and data gloves, wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What disti
12、nguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens
13、 (one for each eye), surroundsound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. H
14、ow can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addi
15、cted to alternative realities to the point of ignoring their realworld livesbut that criticism has been leveled at everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you dont have to use it if you dont want to.语篇导读本文主要介绍了虚拟现实技术(VR)的相关信息以及人们对这一技术的看法。5What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?AA keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.BA headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.CA headset, data gloves and a speech recognition.DA keyboard, a m
